Geometric effects, design

The latter usually are electronic factors, whereas the former often result in geometric effects. It is therefore necessary to be able to distinguish between the two effects to establish with certainty some predictive basis for the design and optimization of electrocatalysts. 

The ideal diffractometer specimen would be a small sphere cut out of the sheet, because a sphere presents the same aspect to the incident beam whatever its orientation. Normally, however, the sheet is examined directly, and then the paths of incident and diffracted beams within the sheet change with sheet orientation. It is then necessary to correct the measured intensities for these geometrical effects or to design the x-ray optics so that corrections are not required. 

Table 4. Effect of Air Requirements on Geometric Fermenter Design...

Geometric effects are known firom earlier work on catalysis. One expects that such surface imperfections as steps or terraces would be sites of preferential reactivity. Even well-ordered planes of a single crystal of a metal differ in their reactivity for example, different crystal faces of Pt, which have different arrangements of their surface atoms, catalyze the formation of quite different chemical products. It is therefore reasonable that clusters of different sizes, which are packed differently, differ in their reactivity. We can hope that at some point these differences in reactivity of clusters can be used to design better catalysts. However we must recognize that the atoms comprising small clusters usually do not pack in arrangements characteristic of the bulk. 

Several authors have invoked this general type of behaviour for metals in enzyme-model systems and it is likely that research in this area will increase in view of the desire to design model systems for the large group of metal enzymes in which geometrical effects involving the groups bound to the metal ion seem to be important. 

Epoxy/Ni adhesives ean be used as integrated circuit (IC) packaging materials due to their lower cost than epoxy/Ag adhesives with acceptable electrical conductivity. In this work, conductive epoxy/Ni adhesives were prepared by solution method and filled into holes connecting the multilayers of a novel prototype designed to be used in electronic components in circuit boards, in order to study the geometrical effects on the prototype s electrical resistance. An empirical equation was obtained for the contact resistance (Rc) measured after cure. We also show that Ohm s law adequately describes the effects of the bulk adhesive resistance R on prototype s electrical resistance. 

The development of Remote Field Eddy Current probes requires experience and expensive experiments. The numerical simulation of electromagnetic fields can be used not only for a better understanding of the Remote Field effect but also for the probe lay out. Geometrical parameters of the prohe can be derived from calculation results as well as inspection parameters. An important requirement for a realistic prediction of the probe performance is the consideration of material properties of the tube for which the probe is designed. The experimental determination of magnetization curves is necessary and can be satisfactory done with a simple experimental setup. 

In the cinematic method the airflow in the aperture is understood to be the result of interaction of the air curtain jet and the incident flow. Some of the cinematic methods that were developed did not apply the laws of conservation of the impulse and mechanical energy. These methods did not correspond satisfactorily to test results and were not developed further. In these cases the determination of the jet trajectory does not take into account the effect of the enclosures and the interaction of the jets, and the division of airflows between the room and the outer atmosphere is performed with an arbitrary geometrical construction. The above-mentioned facts lead to divergence of design results and existing test results as to both the release speed and the initial temperature of the air curtain."... 

In an industrial-design FTIR spectrometer, a modified form of the G enzel interferometer is utilized.A geometric displacement of the moving mirrors by one unit produces four units of optical path difference (compared with two units of optical difference for a Michelson type interferometer). The modified Genzel design reduces the time required to scan a spectrum and further reduces the noise effects asstxiated with the longer mirror translation of most interferometers. 

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