Geological considerations

Geologic Considerations Element mobility begins with the rock, mineral, and processed mineral materials. Source rocks and host rocks can have a... 

Each recovery site has its own individual site-specific characteristics. Subsurface stratigraphy and other geologic considerations, depth to water table, hydraulic conductivity, aquifer(s) thickness, size of product pool, physical characteristics of the... 

Potential water well contamination involves geologic considerations but sites near public or private drinking water supplies are treated separately due to the potential direct risks involved. 

Although coal and kerogen in shale do not migrate, continents do. This could lead to useful correlation studies similar to those done presently on petroleum reserves and source rocks. Presently, biological marker analysis by GC-MS, together with isotope analysis and geological considerations, are used to characterize known oil fields. Using this and correlation data from source rocks and reservoirs facilitates prediction of possible location, age, and depth of new reservoirs. 

The concentrations of zinc in air, water, and soil are highly variable depending on geological considerations and the influences of point sources in the area. The natural bacl ound concentrations of total zinc range from <0.1 50 /ig/L in fresh water, 0.002—0.1 pg/L in seawater, 10—300 mg/1 dry weight in soil, and up to 300 ng/m in air. 

Geology is the most important factor that determines the nature, form and cost of a tunnel. For example, the route, design and construction of a tunnel are largely dependent on geological considerations. Estimating the cost of tunnel construction, particularly in areas of geological complexity, is uncertain. 

Mark, C., Chase, F. E., lannacchione, A. (1991). Longwall mining Geologic considerations for better performance. E MJ, 16c-16k. 

Maps can be created by hand or by computer mapping packages. The latter has become standard. Nevertheless, care should be taken that the mapping process reflects the geological model. Highly complex areas may require considerable manual input to the maps which can subsequently be digitised. 

Inferred reserves are producible, but the assumption of their presence is based on limited physical evidence and considerable geologic extrapolation. This places them on the borderline of being considered undiscovered, and the accuracy of the estimate is very poor. 

A considerable body of Hterature has been pubHshed on the distribution and detection methods of mbidium ia geological formations, the oceans, soils, iadustrial particulate emissions, and steUar/iatersteUar formations (2). 

The variety of AES techniques requires careful evaluation for selecting the proper approach to an analytical problem. Table 4 only suggests the various characteristics. More detailed treatment of detection limits must include consideration of spectral interferences (191). AES is the primary technique for metals analysis in ferrous and other alloys geological, environmental, and biological samples water analysis and process streams (192). 

Seam correlations, measurements of rank and geologic history, interpretation of petroleum (qv) formation with coal deposits, prediction of coke properties, and detection of coal oxidation can be deterrnined from petrographic analysis. Constituents of seams can be observed over considerable distances, permitting the correlation of seam profiles in coal basins. Measurements of vitrinite reflectance within a seam permit mapping of variations in thermal and tectonic histories. Figure 2 indicates the relationship of vitrinite reflectance to maximum temperatures and effective heating time in the seam (11,15). 

While the structure/property behavior of numerous shock-recovered metals and alloys has received considerable attention in the literature to date, the response of ceramics, cermets, and other brittle solids (including geological materials) to shock loading remains poorly understood [9], The majority of shock-recovery studies on brittle materials have concentrated on examining... 

Uses raw data from field tests to compute hydraulic conductivity computed value is evaluated by the expert system for its correctness with regard to these considerations site-specific geological characteristics, validity of test procedures, accuracy of the raw data, and the computational method. System is written in Arity-Prolog on a PC. 

A considerable amount ot gas is located in areas of lower permeability or where the geology is poorly understood, making it more dilficnlt to earn a prnlit using current technology and production methods. New technology may open these sources to future developuient and production. 

In developing and applying the erosional-depositional system, careful consideration was given to the environmental factors which influence the potential for erosion, transport and deposition climate, topography, geology and soils, as well as human activity. 

On a larger scale, landscape development reflects those mechanisms that expose bedrock, weather it, and transport the weathering products away. Present and past tectonism, geology, climate, soils, and vegetation are all important to landscape evolution. These factors often operate in tandem to produce characteristic landforms that presumably integrate the effects of both episodic and continuous processes over considerable periods of time. 

The failure to identify the necessary authigenic silicate phases in sufficient quantities in marine sediments has led oceanographers to consider different approaches. The current models for seawater composition emphasize the dominant role played by the balance between the various inputs and outputs from the ocean. Mass balance calculations have become more important than solubility relationships in explaining oceanic chemistry. The difference between the equilibrium and mass balance points of view is not just a matter of mathematical and chemical formalism. In the equilibrium case, one would expect a very constant composition of the ocean and its sediments over geological time. In the other case, historical variations in the rates of input and removal should be reflected by changes in ocean composition and may be preserved in the sedimentary record. Models that emphasize the role of kinetic and material balance considerations are called kinetic models of seawater. This reasoning was pulled together by Broecker (1971) in a paper called "A kinetic model for the chemical composition of sea water."... 

After a consideration of optical transitions in which MMCT plays a role, and after a characterization of the excited states involved, a short review of mixed-valence compounds and their spectroscopy is in order. For more extended reviews we refer to Refs. [60,97], At least 40 elements of the periodic table form mixed-valence species which are of importance in solid state physics and chemistry, inorganic chemistry, materials science, geology and bioinorganic chemistry. It is usually their colors which are their most striking property (see also above), but they have more intriguing properties, for example electrical and magnetic properties. 

Takeda, H. and Sekine, Y. (1960) A consideration on the metamorphim of cupriferous pyritic deposit at Sekizen, Ehime Prefecture. Mining Geology, 10, 369-379 (in Japanese with English abst.). 

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