Genetics imprinting

Local chromatin-modifying activities Acetylation of histones increases gene expression (many genes) Methylation of DNA silences genes in genetic imprinting (Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes)... 

Each person carries his or her own genetic imprint for pain response and medication sensitivity. How this genetic profile is expressed may be significantly influenced by the environment. Studies of genetic polymorphisms linked to pain syndromes and medication metabolism promise a fresh therapeutic approach where targeted analgesia with fewer side effects may be possible based on genotype. 

Nicholls RD, KnoU JH, Butler MG, Karam S, Lalande M. 1989. Genetic imprinting suggested by maternal heterodisomy in nondeletion Prader-Willi syndrome. Nature 342 281-285. 

Laboratory of Developmental Genetics and Imprinting, Developmental Genetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB2 4A T, UK... 

On the other hand, of the 45 or so imprinted genes that have been identified so far, seven have been shown by genetic analysis to have an effect on fetal growth as judged by altered birth weights of pups (Table 2). 

Cattanach BM, Peters J, Ball S, Rasberry C 2000 Two imprinted gene mutations three phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 9 2263-2273... 

Constancia M, Dean W, Lopes S, Moore T, Kelsey G, Reik W 2000 Deletion of a silencer element in Igf2 results in loss of imprinting independent of H19. Nat Genet 26 203-206... 

Guillemot F, Caspary T, Tilghman SM et al 1995 Genomic imprinting of Mash2, a mouse gene required for trophoblast development. Nat Genet 9 235—242 Hao Y, Crenshaw T, Moulton T, Newcomb E, Tycko B 1993 Tumour-suppressor activity of H19 RNA. Nature 365 764-767... 

Lefebvre L, Viville S, Barton SC, Ishino F, Keverne EB, Surani MA 1998 Abnormal maternal behaviour and growth retardation associated with loss of the imprinted gene Mest. Nat Genet 20 163-169... 

Moore T, Haig D 1991 Genomic imprinting in mammalian development a parental tug-of-war. Trends Genet 7 45-49... 

Reik W, Maher ER 1997 Imprinting in clusters lessons from Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Trends Genet 13 330—334... 

Reik W, Walter J 2001 Evolution of imprinting mechanisms The battle of the sexes begins in the zygote. Nat Genet 27 225—256... 

Yang T, Adamson TE, Resnick JL et al 1998 A mouse model for Prader-Willi syndrome imprinting-centre mutations. Nat Genet 19 25—31... 

Ohta T, Gray TA, Rogan PK et al. Imprinting-mutation mechanisms in Prader-Willi syndrome. Am ) Hum Genet 1999 64[2] 397-413. 

Genomic imprinting is a factor that influences how some genetic conditions are inherited. 

Zuccotti M, Monk M. 1995. Methylation of the mouse Xist gene in sperm and eggs correlates with imprinted Xist expression and paternal X-inactivation. Nat Genet 9 316-320. 

Bastepe, M., Frohlich, L. F., Linglart, A., et al. (2005) Deletion of the NESP55 differentially methylated region causes loss of maternal GNAS imprints and pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib. Nat. Genet 37, 25-27. 

Numerous studies have shown that neonate or naive reptiles can already show complete species-specific chemical responses to conspecifics or rely on some form of social imprinted responses to food organism or predators, developed by interactions of genetic factors and experience, with each contributing. 

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