Silencer element

Constancia M, Dean W, Lopes S, Moore T, Kelsey G, Reik W 2000 Deletion of a silencer element in Igf2 results in loss of imprinting independent of H19. Nat Genet 26 203-206... 

The a3 isoform is expressed mainly in adult neurons and neonatal cardiomyocytes. The a3 gene exhibits three positively regulating cis elements that bind NP-Y, Spl and Sp2 [10]. Its neuron specificity appears to be related to a neural-restrictive silencer element and a positively acting cis element [11]. 

Wild-type, but not mutant Htt, stimulates transcription of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neuronal restrictive silencer element (NRSE) is the target of wild-type Htt activity on the BDNF promoter II (Zuccato et al., 2003). 

Strom, A., H. Eguchi, A. Mode, P. Toilet, RE. Stromstedt, and J. Gustafson (1994). Characterization of the proximal promoter and two silencer elements in the CYP2C gene expressed in rat liver. DNA Cell Biol 13, 805-819. 

Mori, N., Schoenherr, C., Vandenbergh, D. J., and Anderson, D. J. (1992). A common silencer element in the SCGl 0 and type II Na -f channel genes binds a factor present in nonneuronal cells but not in neuronal cells. Neuron 9, 45-54. 

Frequency of transcription is controlled by the promoter sequence. Additional sequences upstream can also be involved in regulating prokaryotic transcription. These sequences are called enhancers or silencers, and they stimulate or inhibit transcription, respectively. Proteins called transcription factors can bind to these enhancer or silencer elements. Many prokaryotic genes that produce proteins that are part of a pathway are controlled in groups called operons, and expression of some genes is controlled by transcription attenuation. 

Using this technique, it has been found that most of the control elements regulating lysozyme expression lie within a region of about 20 kb that includes the gene itself. It can be seen from Table 8.4 that the gene, including exons and introns, occupies about 4 kb. There are nine hypersensitive sites in this 20 kb region and some of these have been identified with enhancer or silencer elements. Those tissues in which... 

Targa, F.R., Huesca, M. Scherrer, K. (1992). Preliminary characterization of a nuclear factor interacting with the silencer element at the 3 -side of the chicken a-globin gene domain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 188, 416-23. 

Ye, J., Cippitelli, M., Dorman, L., Ortaldo, J.R., and Young, H.A. (1996a). The nuclear factor yyl suppresses the human gamma interferon promoter through two mechanisms Inhibition of apl binding and activation of a silencer element. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16,4744—4753. 

AFP-EIA AFP-controlled E4 and E3 Artificial a-Fetoprotein promoter with enhancer and silencer elements to negate expression in86 deleted normal hepatocytes E4 proteins enhance cell lyses... 

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