Genes mutants

Minowa T et al. Proteomic analysis of the small intestine and colon epithelia of adenomatous polyposis coli gene-mutant mice by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2000 21 1782—1786. 

Mov13 mice carry a provirus that prevents transcription initiation of the a1(l) collagen gene. Mutant mice 49-51... 

Rothenfluh A, Abodeely M, Young MW 2000 Short-period mutations ofper affect a douhle-time-dependent step in the Drosophila circadian clock. Curr Biol 10 1399-1402 Rutila JE, Zeng H, Le M, Curtin KD, Hall JC, Rosbash M 1996 The tim mutant of the Drosophila rhythm gene timeless manifests aUele-specific interactions with period gene mutants. Neuron 17 921-929... 

Simpson, D.J., I lover-1 Ianscn G., ChuaN.-H. and von Wettstein D. 1977. The use of gene mutants in barley to correlate thylakoid polypeptide composition with the structure of the photosynthetic membrane. In Photosynthesis 77. (Eds. D O. Hall, Coombs J., Goodwin T.W.) (The Biochemical Society, London), pp. 537-548. 

Vinyl chloride is a simple volatile industrial chemical, which in the liver is converted by an enzyme (cytochrome P450) into a reactive product. The reactive product can interact with proteins and, more importantly, with DNA in the nucleus of liver cells. The metabolite interacts with two of the four bases in the DNA backbone, adenine and cytidine. These bases form both part of the genetic code and pairs with other bases in the DNA. The addition of the vinyl chloride alters the bases and reduces their ability to form pairs, with the result that the code in the DNA is misread which leads to mutations. When the cells of the liver divide or that part of the genetic code is expressed, mistakes, or mutations, creep in. It is now known that after liver cells are exposed to vinyl chloride some of the mutations occur in the oncogenes or cancer genes. Mutant proteins produced from these genes can be detected in the blood of workers who were exposed to vinyl chloride and suffered from the liver cancer. The level of such proteins seems to correlate with the level of exposure to vinyl chloride. 

None KRAS gene (mutant allele) Cell culture (Endogenous gene) Cancer (12)... 

HBV mutants During the infection, HBV can mutate. Such HBV mutants may multiply and thus cause reinfection even in the presence of anti-HBs. There are, for example, pre-core mutants (which prevent HBeAg secretion), X gene mutants, pre-S/S gene mutants ( immune escape mutant ) and YMDD mutants of the polymerase gene (especially during lamivudine therapy), (s. p. 425) Despite successful B vaccination, mutated HBV strains have the potential for eliciting a virus B infection ... 

While these studies were in progress, Reshef etal. reported the analysis of die sterol 27-hydroxylase gene mutant allele in a Jewish family of Algerian origin (64). They further stated that the CTX disorder which is characterized by extensive nervous system involvement, juvenile cataracts, tendon xanthomatosis and premature atheroselerosis was caused by the sterol 27-... 

Hsu H, Chang M, Ni Y, Lin H, Wang S, Chen D. Surface gene mutants of hepatitis B virus in infants who develop acute or chronic infections despite immunoprophylaxis. Hepatology 1997 26 786-91. 

The C-methylase responsible for the methylation of ring C-3 is encoded by the ubiE gene. Mutants blocked in the methylation accumulate the substrate of the enzyme, 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-l,4-benzoquinol (53). ° The UbiE enzyme is nonspecific and carries out the methylation of the MK intermediate, DMK (3) MK (2), in addition to its role in the methylation of (53) (54)"° (discussed in MK biosynthesis 7.12.2.16). 

We devised a screen for isolating mutants defective in iron-dependent regulation of heme biosynthesis that did not require prior knowledge of the mechanism or of the rate-limiting steps [83]. We speculated that if the pathway as a whole were regulated by iron, a mutant defective in that control would accumulate protoporphyrin under iron limitation. Mutants defective in the heme synthesis enzymes ferrochelatase [75] or protoporphyrinogen oxidase would likely have a similar phenotype, but porphyrin accumulation would likely be independent of iron in the structural gene mutants, and those strains would also be expected to be heme auxotrophs. 

Mutant D mutations replacing the two Trp codons "with Leu codons Mutant E mutant E with a mutation in the Leu-tRNA synthetase gene Mutant F mutant E that constitutively synthesizes leucine... 

The demonstration of altered odortypes of single gene mutants (Yamazaki et al. 1983, 1991a) provides strong evidence that MHC odortypes are determined by polymorphic class I and class II genes. 

In the present work we have characterized the susceptibility of photosynthesis to photoinhibition in A.nidulans strain R2 and its psbA gene mutants R2S2C3 and R2K1. Since repair of photodamage provides a mean to avoid net photoinhibition (8) we have also investigated the recovery kinetics after photoinhibition. 

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