Escape mutant

Ping, L. H. and Lemon, S. M (1992) Antigenic structure of human hepatitis-A virus defined by analysis of escape mutants selected against murine monoclonal antibodies. J Virol 66,2208-2216... 

Zharikova, D., Mozdzanowska, K., Feng, J., Zhang, M., and Gerhard, W. (2005) Influenza type A virus escape mutants emerge in vivo in the presence of antibodies to the ectodomain of matrix protein 2. J. Virol. 79, 6644-6654. 

HBV mutants During the infection, HBV can mutate. Such HBV mutants may multiply and thus cause reinfection even in the presence of anti-HBs. There are, for example, pre-core mutants (which prevent HBeAg secretion), X gene mutants, pre-S/S gene mutants ( immune escape mutant ) and YMDD mutants of the polymerase gene (especially during lamivudine therapy), (s. p. 425) Despite successful B vaccination, mutated HBV strains have the potential for eliciting a virus B infection ... 

C gene loss of T cell epitopes (= tendency to fulminant hepatitis) so-called escape mutants... 

HBsAg-positive/anti-HBs-positive course It is possible for this constellation to occur with vaccine escape mutants, with anti-HBs immune response to a subdeterminant rather than to the a antigen and with subsequent infection from another genotype with HBsAg positivity. 

Waters, J.A., Kennedy, M., Voet, R, Hauser, R, Petre, J., Carman, W., Thomas, H.C. Loss of the common a determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen by a vaccine- induced escape mutant. J. Clin. Invest. 

Morton CJ, Cameron R, Lawrence LJ et al (2003) Structural characterization of respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor escape mutants homology model of the F protein and a syncytium formation assay. Virology 311 275-288... 

Tulip WR, Varghese JN, Baker AT, van Donkelaar A, Laver WG, Webster RG, Colman PM. Refined atomic structures of N9 subtype influenza virus neuraminidase and escape mutants. J Mol Biol 1991 221 487-497. 

Varghese JN, Webster RG, Laver WG, Colman PM. Structure of an escape mutant of glycoprotein N2 neuraminidase of influenza virus A/Tokyo/3/67 at 3 A. J Mol Biol 1988 200 201-203. 

Defining epitopes mAb escape mutant studies. All ELISAs. 

Viruses often present a special class of mutants called escape mutants. The mutation(s) occurs at neutralizing immunogenic sites such that the alteration of antigenicity allows the virus to escape from the neutralizing antibodies of the host. Influenza viruses are notorious for their propensity to undergo such mutations, which are specifically called antigenic drift. 

---