Generativity

Below the critical temperature of the adsorbate, adsorption is generally multilayer in type, and the presence of pores may have the effect not only of limiting the possible number of layers of adsorbate (see Eq. XVII-65) but also of introducing capillary condensation phenomena. A wide range of porous adsorbents is now involved and usually having a broad distribution of pore sizes and shapes, unlike the zeolites. The most general characteristic of such adsorption systems is that of hysteresis as illustrated in Fig. XVII-27 and, more gener-... 

Although GGMS is the most widely used ana lytical method that combines a chromatographic sep aration with the identification power of mass spectrometry it is not the only one Chemists have coupled mass spectrometers to most of the mstru ments that are used to separate mixtures Perhaps the ultimate is mass spectrometry/mass spectrome try (MS/MS) m which one mass spectrometer gener ates and separates the molecular ions of the components of a mixture and a second mass spec trometer examines their fragmentation patterns ... 

Let Sobolev space consist of functions having the first gener-... 

Gener Block Factor Fraction Respon SpHt-pl Nested Taguc Num Emphasis Approxim Exampl Tec AppHcatio... 

Although values of emittance and absorptance depend in very complex ways on the real and imaginaiy components of the refractive index and on the geometrical structure of the surface layer, the gener-ahzations that follow are possible. 

Those based on strictly empirical descriptions Mathematical models based on physical and chemical laws (e.g., mass and energy balances, thermodynamics, chemical reaction kinefics) are frequently employed in optimization apphcations. These models are conceptually attractive because a gener model for any system size can be developed before the system is constructed. On the other hand, an empirical model can be devised that simply correlates input-output data without any physiochemical analysis of the process. For... 

Components without Specific Ratings Components such as pipe and butt-welding fittings are gener y furnished in nominal... 

Eitch indented into the tube. Tube 48 was a clean copper tube that ad 50 longitudinal flutes pressed into the wall (Gener Electric double-flute profile, Diedrich, U.S. Patent 3,244,601, Apr. 5, 1966). Tubes 47 and 39 had a specially patterned porous sintered-metal deposit on the boihng side to promote nucleate boiling (Minton, U.S. 

Heat Transfer Heat-transfer rates are gener ly large despite severe axial dispersion, with Ua. frequently observed in the range 18.6 to 74.5 and even to 130 kW/(m K) [1000 to 4000 and even to 7000 Btu/(h fF °F)][see Bauerle and Ahlert, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 4, 225 (1965) and Greskovich et al.. Am. Tn.st. Chem. Eng. J., 13,1160 (1967) Sideman, in Drewet al. (eds.). Advances in Chemical Engineering, vol. 6, Academic, New York, 1966, p. 207, reviewed earlier work]. In the absence of specific heat-transfer correlations, it is suggested that rates be estimated from mass-transfer correlations via the heat-mass-transfer analogy. 

Soft Materials (1) Talc, dried filter-press cakes, soapstone, waxes, aggregated salt ciystals (2) gypsum, rock salt, ciystahine salts in gener, soft coal (3) calcite, marble, soft limestone, barites, chalk, brimstone. 

UF Membranes Design of UF membranes prizes high retention, hydrolytic stabihty, and good process flux. Since fouling is the principal impediment to flux, and membranes which are hydrophilic gener ly foul less rapidly, there is competition between the truly stable hydrophobic membranes and the less-fouhng-prone hydrophilic ones. 

A material that has a high toxicity does not necessarily present a severe toxic hazard. For example, a ton of lead arsenate spilled in a busy street is unhkely to poison members of the public just a short distance from the spiU, because it is not mobile. It could be carefully recovered and removed and would present a low risk to the gener pubhc, even though it is extremely toxic. On the other hand, a ton of liquefied chlorine spilled on the same street could become about 11,000 fF of pure gas. The IDLH for chlorine is 25 ppm. This is a concentration such that immediate action is required. Thus, the one ton of chlorine, if mixed uniformly with air, could create a cloud of considerable concern, having a volume of about 4.4 X 10 fF or a sphere 770 ft in diameter. This could quickly spread over downwind areas and... 

Stainless Steel There are more than 70 standard types of stainless steel and many special alloys. These steels are produced in the wrought form (AISI types) and as cast alloys [Alloy Casting Institute (ACI) types]. Gener y, all are iron-based, with 12 to 30 percent chromium, 0 to 22 percent nickel, and minor amounts of carbon, niobium (columbium), copper, molybdenum, selenium, tantalum, and titanium. These alloys are veiy popular in the process industries. They are heat- and corrosion-resistant, noncontaminating, and easily fabricated into complex shapes. 

Direa connected exciters were once common for general purpose and large, high-speed synchronous motors. At low speeds (514 rpm and below), the direct-connected exciter is large and expensive. Motor gener ator sets and static (rectifier) exciters have been widely used for km speed synchronous motors and when a number of motors are supplict from a single excitation bus. 

Experimental data show that appropriate boundary conditions trigger a feedback in the process of flame propagation by which combustion may intensify to a detona-tive level. These blast-generative boundary conditions were specified as... 

In the overview of experimental research, it was shown that explosive, blastgenerating combustion in gas explosions is caused by intense turbulence which enhances combustion rate. On one hand, turbulence may be generated during a gas explosion by an uncontrolled feedback mechanism. A turbulence-generative environment, in the form of partially confining or obstructing structures, must be present for this mechanism to be triggered. 

If, on the other hand, the multienergy model is employed, the total quantity of fuel present in a cloud is of minor importance. Instead, the environment is investigated with respect to potential blast-generative capabilities. Fuel-air jets and partially confined and/or obstructed areas are identified as sources of strong blast. The explosive power of a vapor cloud is determined primarily by the energy of fuel present in these blast-generating areas. 

The multienergy method applies only if detonation of unconfined parts of a vapor cloud can be ruled out. If so, the explosive potential of a vapor cloud is determined primarily by the blast-generative properties of the environment in which the vapor is released and disperses. Consequently, a vapor cloud explosion can be regarded as a number of subexplosions. Therefore, the first step in applying the multienergy method in vapor cloud explosion hazard assessment is... 

The space beneath the storage tank. This configuration of extended parallel planes, internally provided with a large number of vertical obstacles (the pylon forest), is an outstanding example of blast-generative boundary conditions. 

The addition of COg to ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate results in the formation of an enzyme-bound intermediate, 2-carboxy,3-keto-arabinitol (Figure 22.24). This intermediate arises when COg adds to the enediol intermediate gener-... 

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