General Areas of Application

Resin Coating Structural parts Wood and paper composites Adhesives Inks Elastic rubbers 

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Figure 14-3. General areas of application of synchronous motors and induction motors. (Used by permission E-M Synchronizer, 200-SYN-33. Dresser-Rand Company.)...

Applications Figure 4.7 shows the general areas of application of liquid chromatography techniques. 

The ref seeks to acquaint the reader with the great variety of commercial expls and blasting agents available, their advantages and disadvantages, and their general areas of application... 

The tremendous release of energy from nuclear reactions makes possible a unique family of applications for long-lived radioisotopes that are important to health, science, and industry. Whereas fission and fusion occur almost instantaneously, other radioactive decay processes occur in times ranging from a few minutes to thousands of years. The general areas of application may be grouped into irradiation, thermal energy generation, and tracer applications.57... 

Table II. General Areas of Application of Damping in Controlling the Effects of Vibration...

TABLE 11.9. HLB Ranges and Their General Areas of Application... 

Table 1. HLB ranges and their general areas of application...

The answers to these questions will narrow the selection to those coatings that are compatible. Table 5.2 provides a list of typical lining materials and their general area of application. 

A kinetic study generally proceeds after the reactants, products and stoichiometry of the reaction have been satisfactorily characterized. The more one knows about the chemistry of the reaction, the better the conclusions that one can draw from a kinetic study. The discussion here describes techniques often used in inorganic studies, emphasizes their time range and general area of applicability and gives some examples of their use. Further details can be found in other sources. ... 

There is a more general area of application for plastics parts in extensive use that requires other considerations. In using plastics for applications that range from one of pipes carrying chemicals to se-... 

The definition above is a particularly restrictive description of a nanocrystal, and necessarily limits die focus of diis brief review to studies of nanocrystals which are of relevance to chemical physics. Many nanoparticles, particularly oxides, prepared dirough die sol-gel niediod are not included in diis discussion as dieir internal stmcture is amorjihous and hydrated. Neverdieless, diey are important nanoniaterials several textbooks deal widi dieir syndiesis and properties [4, 5]. The material science community has also contributed to die general area of nanocrystals however, for most of dieir applications it is not necessary to prepare fully isolated nanocrystals widi well defined surface chemistry. A good discussion of die goals and progress can be found in references [6, 7, 8 and 9]. Finally, diere is a rich history in gas-phase chemical physics of die study of clusters and size-dependent evaluations of dieir behaviour. This topic is not addressed here, but covered instead in chapter C1.1, Clusters and nanoscale stmctures, in diis same volume. 

In this section examples of the application of the various techniques described are presented. The works mentioned have been selected simply to illustrate the wide range of areas of application and in general early rather than more recent examples have been quoted. The reader will find a huge number of other examples in the literature. 

Silica gel, per se, is not so frequently used in LC as the reversed phases or the bonded phases, because silica separates substances largely by polar interactions with the silanol groups on the silica surface. In contrast, the reversed and bonded phases separate material largely by interactions with the dispersive components of the solute. As the dispersive character of substances, in general, vary more subtly than does their polar character, the reversed and bonded phases are usually preferred. In addition, silica has a significant solubility in many solvents, particularly aqueous solvents and, thus, silica columns can be less stable than those packed with bonded phases. The analytical procedure can be a little more complex and costly with silica gel columns as, in general, a wider variety of more expensive solvents are required. Reversed and bonded phases utilize blended solvents such as hexane/ethanol, methanol/water or acetonitrile/water mixtures as the mobile phase and, consequently, are considerably more economical. Nevertheless, silica gel has certain areas of application for which it is particularly useful and is very effective for separating polarizable substances such as the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and substances... 

Target Application General purpose General purpose. General purpose. Mam area of application IS m heat and fluid m highly complex geometries. General purpose. 

Figure 12-1A. General areas of compressing equipment applications. (Used by permission (with changes and additions by this author) Des Jardins, P. R. Chemical Engineering, V. 63, No. 6, 1956. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York. All rights reserved.)...

For any specific boiler application, the general area of phosphate equilibrium concentration may produce phosphate reserves of below 1.0 ppm P04 and an operating pH level of around 9.0... 

The refractive index detector, in general, is a choice of last resort and is used for those applications where, for one reason or another, all other detectors are inappropriate or impractical. However, the detector has one particular area of application for which it is unique and that is in the separation and analysis of polymers. In general, for those polymers that contain more than six monomer units, the refractive index is directly proportional to the concentration of the polymer and is practically independent of the molecular weight. Thus, a quantitative analysis of a polymer mixture can be obtained by the simple normalization of the peak areas in the chromatogram, there being no need for the use of individual response factors. Some typical specifications for the refractive index detector are as follows ... 

Just think of the huge costs, both in terms of financial and other resources, and in terms of the distress to individuals and their families, that could be caused by such mistakes. In all areas of application getting it wrong leads to loss of confidence in the validity of future analytical results. Confidence is an important commodity. At one extreme, loss of confidence puts the future existence of the particular analytical laboratory at risk, but more generally it leads to costly repetition of analyses and, in the area of trade, inhibits the expansion of the world economy. 

Good general fastness properties make (J-naphthol pigment lakes suitable candidates primarily for the printing inks and plastics industry. Their primary area of application varies according to the type. (J-Naphthol pigment lakes are also employed in paints and in emulsion paints, but to a lesser degree. 

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