Gene-Gun

A gene gun is a device to introduce DNA into cells in vivo. The DNA is attached to gold particles, which are introduced under high velocity into the target tissue. 

Gene Expression Analysis Gene Gun Gene Products Gene Promoter Gene Therapy Gene-therapy Vectors Gene Transfer... 

Biolistics involves bombarding plant cells with tiny (4- am) microprojectiles made of gold or tungsten. These microprojectiles are coated with DNA and are propelled at high velocity from a particle gun or gene gun into plant tissue or cells. In this method, the projectile penetrates the cell wall and carries the transgene into the cell nucleus. 

Lee PW, Peng SF, Su CJ et al (2008) The use of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles in combination with a low-pressure gene gun for transdermal DNA delivery. Biomaterials 29 742-751... 

Scientists have also since demonstrated that DNA (coated on microscopic gold beads) propelled into the epidermis of test animals with a gene gun , is expressed in the animal s skin cells. Furthermore, the introduction in this fashion of DNA coding for human influenza viral antigens... 

Boyle, CM., and H.L. Robinson, Basic mechanisms of DNA-raised antibody responses to intramuscular and gene gun immunizations. DNA Cell Biol, 2000. 19(3) 157-65. 

Color Plate 18 shows tiny dots of light from fluorescent silica beads shot into living cells by a gene-gun that is usually used to infect cells with DNA-coated particles. Two dyes are bound inside each porous bead whose size is 100 to 600 nm. 

Michael Fromm, molecular biologist al the Plant Gene Expression Center, reported the stable transformation of com using a high-speed gene gun. 

Hota-Mitchell, S., Clarke, M.W., Podesta, R.B. and Dekaban, C.A. (1 999) Recombinant vaccinia viruses and gene gun vectors expressing the large subunit of Schistosoma mansoni calpain used in a murine immunization-challenge model. Vaccine 1 7, 1 338-1354. 

Bennett, A.M.,Phillpotts, R.J., Perkins, S.D., Jacobs, S.C. and Williamson, E.D. (1999) Gene gun mediated vaccination is superior to manual delivery for immunization with DNA vaccines expressing protective antigens from Yersinia pestis or Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus. Vaccine, 18, 588-596. 

Chen, C.H., Ji, H., Suh, K.W., Choti, M.A., Pardoll, D.M. and Wu, T.C. (1999) Gene gun-mediated DNA vaccination induces antitumor immunity against human papillomavirus type 16 E7-expressing murine tumor metastases in the liver and lungs. Gene Ther., 6, 1972-1981. 

Degano, P., Schneider, J., Hannan, C.M., Gilbert, S.C. and Hill, A.V. (1999) Gene gun intradermal DNA immunization followed by boosting with modified vaccinia virus Ankara enhanced CD8+ T cell immunogenicity and protective efficacy in the influenza and malaria models. Vaccine, 18, 623-632. 

Feltquate, D.M., Heaney, S., Webster, R.G. and Robinson, H.L. (1997) Different T helper cell types and antibody isotypes generated by saline and gene gun DNA immunization. J. Immunol., 158, 2278-2284. 

Fensterle, J., Grade, L., Hess, J. and Kaufmann, S.H. (1999) Effective DNA vaccination against listeriosis by prime/ boost inoculation with the gene gun. J. Immunol., 163, 4510 1518. 

Fomsgaard, A., Nielsen, H.V., Kirkby, N., Bryder, K., Corbet, S., Nielsen, C., Hinkula, J. and Buus, S. (1999) Induction of cytotoxic T-cell responses by gene gun DNA vaccination with minigenes encoding influenza A virus HA and NP CTL-epitopes. Vaccine, 18, 681-691. 

Han, R., Cladel, N.M., Reed, C.A., Peng, X. and Christensen, N.D. (1999) Protection of rabbits from viral challenge by gene gun-based intracutaneous vaccination with a combination of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus El, E2, E6, and E7 genes. J. Virol., 73, 7039-7043. 

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