Gastro-oesophageal

Cough is currently a huge unmet clinical need, as none of the currently available treatments are reliably effective [2]. However, there are many treatments which are currently used, with variable levels of success. In addition, if it is caused by another condition, such as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, then treatment of that may reduce cough. 

Enhanced TRPVl expression was demonstrated in IBD in man [17] and capsazepine was shown to attenuate disease severity in experimental colitis both in mice [145] and rats [146]. These findings confer a therapeutic potential for TRPVl antagonists in IBD and motility disorders [147, 148]. A related finding is the demonstration of increased TRPVl in the inflamed human oesophagus secondary to gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder [20]. 

Losec (omeprazole) Duodenal ulcer Gastro-oesophageal reflux Helicobacter infections 5.7 1.9 1989 - UK and US Once daily, except when used as part of combination therapy... 

Washington, N., Moss, H. A., Washington, C., Wilson, C. G., Non-invasive detection of gastro-oesophageal reflux using an ambulatory system, Gut 1993, 34, 1482-1486. 

Baldini F., Bechi P., Bracci S., Cosi F., Pucciani F., In vivo optical-fibre pH sensor for gastro-oesophageal measurements, Sensors Actuators 1995 B29 164-168. 

Table 8.3 Specific problems with gastro-oesophageal tube administration for selected medications...

Box 8.3 Guidance for administration of various formulations in Gastro-oesophageal tubes... 

D. Nehra, P. Howell, C. P. Williams, J. K. Pye and J. Beynon, Toxic bile acids in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease influence of gastric acidity, Gut, 1999, 44(5), 598. 

Duodeno-Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux (DGOR) Animal Models... 

Gastro-oesophageal reflux in infants is common and tends to resolve at 12-18 months of age. Simple procedures, such as posture and thickening of foods, may help to alleviate gastro-oesophageal disease in infants. 

Q33 In gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, which of the following constituents of antacids may be particularly useful ... 

Sodium alginate forms a raft on the stomach contents leading to a reduction in reflux. Aluminium is an insoluble salt that is used as an antacid with no particular advantage in reflux. Chloroform water is a traditional preparation to reduce colic. Sucrose and lactose are sugars with no effect on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. 

Alginic acid tends to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux. The antifoaming... 

Ranitidine is a histamine receptor antagonist. It acts essentially on the H2 receptor and blocks acid production. Ranitidine is used in the treatment and prevention of ulcers, NSAID-induced ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. 

Dekel R, Morse C, Pass R. The role of proton pump inhibitors in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Drugs 2004 64 277-95. 

Lambert R. Review article current practice and future perspectives in the management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997 11 (4) 651 -62. 

Symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux may occur with or without visible evidence of mucosal damage. 

The remaining commoner causes include oesophageal or acute gastric erosions, Mallory Weiss tears of the gastro-oesophageal junction and malignancy. 

Gawrich S, Shaker R. Medical management of nocturnal symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in the elderly. Drugs Aging 2003 20 509-516. 

Thomson ABR. Gastro-oesophageal reflux in the elderly. Role of drug therapy in management. Drugs Aging 2001 18 409-414. 

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