Oesophagitis

Cough is currently a huge unmet clinical need, as none of the currently available treatments are reliably effective [2]. However, there are many treatments which are currently used, with variable levels of success. In addition, if it is caused by another condition, such as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, then treatment of that may reduce cough. 

Enhanced TRPVl expression was demonstrated in IBD in man [17] and capsazepine was shown to attenuate disease severity in experimental colitis both in mice [145] and rats [146]. These findings confer a therapeutic potential for TRPVl antagonists in IBD and motility disorders [147, 148]. A related finding is the demonstration of increased TRPVl in the inflamed human oesophagus secondary to gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder [20]. 

Vazquez JA. Invasive oesophageal candidiasis current and developing treatment options. Drugs 2003 63 971-989. 

Bird, A.F. (1983) Changes in the dimensions of the oesophageal glands in root-knot nematodes during the onset of parasitism. International Journal for Parasitology 13, 343-348. 

The coat mucins are thought to be secreted from two major glands in the larval body the oesophageal and secretory glands. The latter, previously termed the excretory cell, is directly connected to the cuticle by a duct opening at the secretory pore (Nichols, 1956). It is not certain whether the panel of secreted mucins are all represented in the coat, or whether there are important differences between the two compartments. 

Losec (omeprazole) Duodenal ulcer Gastro-oesophageal reflux Helicobacter infections 5.7 1.9 1989 - UK and US Once daily, except when used as part of combination therapy... 

Dansereau, R. J., Dansereau, R. N., McRorie, f. W., Scintigraphic study of oesophageal transit and retention, in Nuclear Medicine in Pharmaceutical Research. Perkins, A. C., Frier, M. (eds), Taylor Francis, London, 1999, pp. 57-69. 

Washington, N., Moss, H. A., Washington, C., Wilson, C. G., Non-invasive detection of gastro-oesophageal reflux using an ambulatory system, Gut 1993, 34, 1482-1486. 

Fusarium moniliforme sya verticillioides causes the so-called ear rot disease in maize and produces fumonisin B, (IB,), one of the most frequently detected mycotoxins in the food supply chain worldwide (Steyn, 1995). FBi can inhibit lipid formation, particularly in the liver. Fumonisins have been detected and investigated only relatively recently. Several structurally related forms of fumonisins (FBS) have been associated with human cancer (e.g. FB with oesophageal cancer) as well as with a host of problems in livestock fed with FB -contaminated feed (D Mello, 2003 Benbrook, 2005). 

Baldini F., Bechi P., Bracci S., Cosi F., Pucciani F., In vivo optical-fibre pH sensor for gastro-oesophageal measurements, Sensors Actuators 1995 B29 164-168. 

The first sensor proposed for detecting gastric and oesophageal pH24, made use of two fluorophores, fluorescein and eosin, immobilised onto fibrous particles of amino-ethyl cellulose, fixed on polyester foils. Only tested in vitro, the sensor reveals a satisfactory response time of around 20 seconds. 

Y. Vandenplas, H. Badriul, M. Verghote, B. Hauser, and L. Kaufman, Oesophageal pH monitoring and reflux oesophagitis in irritable infants. EurJ. Pediatr. 163, 300-304 (2004). 

P.J. Kahrilas and J. Pandolfino, Oesophageal pH monitoring — technologies, interpretation and correlation with clinical outcomes. Alimentary Pharmacol. Therapeutics 22, 2—9 (2005). 

S.B. des Varannes, F. Mion, P. Ducrotte, F. Zerbib, P. Denis, T. Ponchon, R. Thibault, and J.P. Galmiche, Simultaneous recordings of oesophageal acid exposure with conventional pH monitoring and a wireless system (Bravo). Gut 54, 1682-1686 (2005). 

Table 8.3 Specific problems with gastro-oesophageal tube administration for selected medications...

Box 8.3 Guidance for administration of various formulations in Gastro-oesophageal tubes... 

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