Gastric juice constituents

The two most important functional constituents of gastric juice, pepsin and hydrochloric acid, are known to vary substantially in concentration from individual to individual. 

Chloride, a normal constituent of extracellular fluid in the body, is an important anion in the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as a necessary component of gastric juice. Whole milk contains 103 mg chloride per 100 g (NDC 1983A). 

From the information just cited, it appears that serum proteins are normal constituents of gastric juice and can be demonstrated even in acid secretion if proteolysis is prevented by in situ neutralization of gastric juice. 

G31. Glass, G. B. J., and Boyd, L. J., Studies on the non-parietal component of gastric secretion in humans. Part II. Present concept of the alkaline constituent of the gastric juice. Gastroenterology 20, 442-457 (1952). 

R4. Richmond, V., Caputto, R., and Wolf, S., Biochemical study of the large molecular constituents of gastric juice. Gastroenterology 29, 1017-1021 (1955). 

W18. Wolf, S., and Glass, G. B. J., Correlation of conscious and unconscious conflicts with changes in gastric function and structure. Observations on the relation of the constituents of gastric juice to the integrity of the mucous membrane. Proc. Assoc. Res. Nervous Mental Disease 29, 665-676 (1949). 

Hirsch-Marie and Burtin (H7a) determined proteolytic activity of human gastric juice after histamine by electrophoresis on agar, using, as a substrate, human or bovine serum albumin at 0.2% concentration in a glycine-HGl buffer of 0.2 molarity and pH 2. Acid gastric juices with pH below 5.8 showed 4 proteolytic constituents on agar gel electrophoresis. These corresponded in their pH optimum of activity and in immuno-... 

W3. Wada, T., Ohara, H., Anzai, T., Sato, K., Yoshikawa, H., Hosokawa, S., Morimoto, Y., Endo, A., Noto, K. Umetani, K., Yachi, A., Ibayashi, J., Togashi, J., Iwata, K., and Tanaka, T., Studies on high molecidar constituents of gastric juice. Japan. J. Gastroenterol., Proc. 44th Ann. Meeting, Sendai, p. 137 (1958). Ahstr. 

The amine-nitrite reactions in physiological systems may be further obscured by carbonyl (25) or pseudohalogen (19) catalysts, by constituents of gastric juice or intestinal fluids, or by multiphasic interactions... 

It is conventional wisdom that excess acid is responsible for the formation of peptic ulcer, but acid, a normal constituent of gastric juice, is inadequate to produce a peptic ulcer. Most persons with duodenal ulcer have normal levels of acid secretion. As in most areas of medicine, the more we learn about some disease process, the more there is to learn.14... 

Fhysioiooicax..— The neutral sulphates of Na and E seem to exist in sTnnll quantity in all animal tissues imd fluids, with the exception of milk, bile, and gastric juice certainly in the blood and urine. They are partially intr uced with the food, and partly formed as a result of the metamorphosis of those constituents of the tissues which contain S in organic combination. 

Many acids and bases are industrial and household substances ( FIGURE 4.5), and some are important components of biological fluids. Hydrochloric acid, for example, is an important industrial chemical and the main constituent of gastric juice in your stomach. Acids and bases are also common electrolytes. 

This article gives an overview of the indications, method of sampling, and the methods and techniques used for the analyses of the various constituents of gastric juice the interpretations and clinical importance of the results with particular emphasis on acid secretion are also discussed. The methods are limited to those employed in man but relevant techniques and results obtained in animal studies are mentioned. 

Table 3 Summary of methods, their principles and/or procedures, and disadvantages for the measurement of other constituents of gastric juice...

Each day, 1000-1500 ml of gastric juice is secreted in humans by the 35,000,000 glands of the stomach. Pure gastric juice is a clear, colorless fluid, primarily a dilute solution (0.4-0.5%) of hydrochloric acid in water. The most important organic constituent of the juice is pepsin. 

In producing these phenomena [sensation of heat, etc.] alcohol mixes with the fluid that comprises saliva and gastric juice, and it probably dissolves some of their constituents. Its fate is to be greatly attenuated in the stomach, and it promptly disappears. At the same time its systemic effects rapidly occur, and drunkeness and death often follow immediately upon introduction of too large a quantity of alcohol into the stomach.]... 

In North America, there has been a surgical bias that antireflux surgery should be undertaken much more frequently to prevent the development of adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett s esophagus. The rationale proposed claims that the prevention of the exposure of the metaplastic esophageal mucosa not only to acid but also to bile salts and other constituents of the gastric juice removes the inciting agents (sic) for this disease. Unfortunately, the primary hypothesis is flawed by the lack of evidence that the... 

---