Gasoline benzene

FCC gasoline contains 0.5 to 1.3 vol% benzene. Since it accounts for about 35 vol% of the gasoline pool, it is important to know what affects the cat cracker gasoline benzene levels. The benzene content in the FCC gasoline can be reduced by ... 

Acid ester phosphates with an alkyl chain up to C6 have little solubility whereas neutralized esters are soluble in water. In ethanol and isopropanol most of phosphoric acid esters and their salts are soluble. If the products are based on ethoxylated alcohols their solubility in water will increase as the degree of ethoxylation increases. The solubility in organic solvents like gasoline, benzene, perchlorethylene, and other apolar liquids recedes with an increase in the degree of ethoxylation but are increased by a higher alkyl chain. 

Boron nitride is one of the most outstanding corrosion-resistant materials. It is inert to gasoline, benzene, alcohol, acetone, chlorinated hydrocarbons and other organic solvents. It is not wetted by molten aluminum, copper, cadmium, iron, antimony, bismuth, silicon, germanium, nor by many molten salts and glasses. It is used extensively as crucible material, particularly for molten metals, glasses and ceramic processing. 

It is not surprising that the data produced as total petroleum hydrocarbons (EPA 418.1) suffer from several shortcomings as an index of potential ground-water contamination or health risk. In fact, it does not actually measure the total petroleum hydrocarbons in the sample but rather, measures a specific range of hydrocarbon compounds. This is caused by limitations of the extraction process (solvents used and the concentration steps) and the reference standards used for instrumental analysis. The method specifically states that it does not accurately measure the lighter fractions of gasoline [benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylenes fraction (BTEX)], which should include the benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylenes fraction. Further, the method was originally a method for water samples that has been modified for solids, and it is subject to bias. 

Another site remediated using BCD technology was located in Tacoma, Washington. During this application, 3750 yd of soil were treated to a depth of 14 ft. The site was contaminated with gasoline, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, and diesel fuel. Remediation costs were estimated at 49.85/yd (D10152Q). 

Nitra-2,4 dihydroxytoluene, orn-yel ndls (from gasoline-benzene), mp 125°(Ref 1)... 

Benzene, along with other light high-octane aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, is used as a component of motor gasoline. Benzene is used in the manufacture of styrene, ethylbenzene, cumene, phenol, cyclohexane, nitrobenzene, and aniline. It is no longer used in appreciable quantity as a solvent because of the health hazards associated with it. 

H. R. Dittmar D. E. Strain, USP 2443378 (1948) CA 42, 6538 (1948). Incendiary gels containing a liquid hydrocarbon (such as gasoline, benzene, etc), 3% or less H20, some alkali fsurh as NH- NartH efrA 1 tn... 

Salts are insoluble in most solvents. Gasoline, benzene, carbon disulfide (CS ), carbon tetrachloride (CCl ), alcohol, ether—these substances are good solvents" for grease, rubber, organic materials generally but they do not dissolve salts. 

Hydrocarbons, e.g. paraffin oil (kerosene), petrol (gasoline), benzene, chiefly cause CNS depression and pulmonary damage from inhalation. It is vital to avoid aspiration into the lungs during attempts to remove the poison or in spontaneous vomiting. Gastric aspiration should be performed only if a cuffed endotracheal tube is effectively in place, if necessary after anaesthetising the subject. 

The known isomers are found in Beil. 3-Nitro-2,4 dibydroxytoluene, red ndls (from dil ale), mp 111-12° (Ref 1) -HitTo- 2A from gasoline-benzene), mp 125°(Ref 1) 6-NitTO 2,3 dihydroxytoluene, scarlet red ndls (from eth + petr eth), mp 117 18° (Ref 2) X-Nitro- 2A dihydroxytoluene, yel-brn ndls (from peer eth) or yel-red leaflets (from dil ale), mp 122-24° (Ref 3)... 

Worhneh F. 1983. Inhalation of petrol (gasoline, benzene) in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Med J 21 19-26. 

Properties Sticky, tenacious mass. Insoluble in water soluble in ethyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, gasoline, benzene, and ether. Combustible. Derivation Precipitation from aqueous solutions of calcium salts and sodium naphthenate. 

Properties Green-blue solid. High germicidal power. Soluble in gasoline, benzene, and mineral-oil distillates. 

The comparative research on role of environmental pollution on reproductive health of the women living in area, polluted by industrial emissions to more than three times in comparison with conditionally clean one was conducted recently (Golovaniova, 2002). In pollutions there were following chemical substances acryl nitril, acetone, gasoline, benzene, xilol, lead and its combinations, styrene, carbon oxide, formaldehyde, epichlorohydrin, etc. 

Yellowish-brown, thick oil. mp —3 to —4". njf 1.4855-1.4885. Vapors of Osmaron B turn wet litmus paper blue and turmeric paper brown. Soluble in methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, acetone, ethyl acetate, carbon disulfide, formic acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid. Forms turbid solus with ether, gasoline, benzene and its homologs, and chlorinated hydrocarbons which become clear upon deposition of the fine precipitate on standing. Ref E. Benk, Chem. Ztg. 75, 351 (1951). 

Synonyms Naphthenic acid, calcium salt Naphthenic acids, calcium salts Definition Calcium deriv. of cycloparaffin hydrocarbon Properties Light sticky tenacious mass sol. in CCL, gasoline, benzene, ether insol. in water... 

Properties Green-blue solid sol. in gasoline, benzene, and min. oil distillates m.w. 276.89 dens. 1.055 flash pt. 100 F Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) > 6 g/kg (solv.-based), > 2 g/kg (water-based) poison by ing. and inh. TSCA listed... 

Loading and reloading facilities (tank venting gases) Gasoline, benzene, toluene, xylene... 

Solid films have found application for treating the inner surfaces of oil pipes in order to reduce the adhesion of the paraffin components of the oil to these. The film-forming substances include amides of phosphoric acid ester [263], which are dissolved in gasoline, benzene, or Diesel oil and deposited on the surface. After evaporation of the solvent a thin film remains. 

In general, amorphous polyamides are somewhat less resistant and more prone to stress-cracking than semi-crystalline polyamides, Table 5.93. Amorphous, partially aromatic polyamides are resistant to gasoline, benzene, paraffin oil, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, aqueous salt solutions, dilute caustic soda, and formaldehyde. They are not resistant to ethanol, propanol, butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, chlorinated hydrocarbons, concentrated mineral acid, and formic acid. 

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