Gaseous pollutants costs

Incineration. Incinerators were discussed in Sec. 11.1. When incinerators are used to treat gaseous pollutants in relatively low concentration, auxiliary firing from fuel or other waste material normally will be necessary. The capital and operating costs may be high. In addition, long duct lines are often necessary. 

Although the continuous-countercurrent type of operation has found limited application in the removal of gaseous pollutants from process streams (Tor example, the removal of carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide), by far the most common type of operation presently in use is the fixed-bed adsorber. The relatively high cost of continuously transporting solid particles as required in steady-state operations makes fixed-bed adsorption an attractive, economical alternative. If intermittent or batch operation is practical, a simple one-bed system, cycling alternately between the adsorption and regeneration phases, 1 suffice. 

The costs associated wi chemical effects of gaseous pollutants could... 

Waste gases may contain particulates and/or gaseous pollutants, inorganic or organic. Additional equipment must be added to the process to remove these pollutants. If that equipment requires utilities, their costs must be added to the other utility costs. The removal of particles... 

Schnelle, K. B. and C. A. Brown. 2002. Air Pollution Control Technology Handbook. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. The handbook is a resource for commonly used air pollution control technology in stationary sources for the control of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter. Selection, evaluation, and design are covered as well as alternative air pollution control processes. Environmental regulations and costs are also addressed. 

Detector Tubes for Measuring Gaseous Pollutants Detector tubes, such as stain tubes and passive sampler tubes, are simple measurement devices that are available for the gaseous pollutants—CO, CO2, NO, and NO2—and for sulfur dioxide (SO2). Detector tubes are simple and cost effective and may be useful for characterizing air quahty. However, they do not provide sufficient accuracy as a measurement technique if accuracy greater than 25% is required. 

The dry product is primarily collected in cyclone collectors (a few bag houses still remain), sieved, and finally packaged in moisture barrier containers. The exit air from the dryer often has to be treated to meet local pollution control laws. While many of the older dryers use gas incineration, as energy costs have increased these incineration systems have become quite costly to operate. New dryer installations use scrubbing systems (e.g., aqueous/chemical sprays) to remove entrained solids and gaseous volatile flavors. 

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