Gas chromatography apparatus

Analysis of Volatile Matter Evolved. An attempt was made to establish the particular volatile component or components responsible for decrepitation by using a Beckman gas chromatography apparatus as described below. It was considered that comparing the analyses obtained at different temperatures with the corresponding rate of volatile matter evolution from the experimental work described previously would perhaps indicate the presence of a thermal decomposition reaction of controlling importance. 

Early on, gas-phase chemical separations played an important role in the investigation of the chemical properties of transactinide elements. The technique was pioneered by I. Zvara and co-workers at the Dubna laboratory and involved first chemical studies of volatile Rf, Db and Sg halides and/or oxyhalides [73,74,75] see Chapter 7 for a detailed discussion. The experimental set-ups and the techniques involved are presented in Section 4.2. A new technique, named OFGA (On-line Gas chromatography Apparatus), which allowed the a-spectrometric measurement of final products, developed by H.W. Gaggeler and co-workers was then successful in studying volatile transactinide compounds from Rf up to Bh [76,77,78,79], see Chapter 7 for a detailed discussion. In all these... 

Fig. 8. Schematic of the first gas chromatography apparatus used to chemically isolate element 104 in the form of volatile chlorides (Figure from Ref. 11, adapted from Ref. 105).

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of low temperature fractionation and gas chromatography apparatus...

A gas chromatographic system is composed of four major components carrier gas soiuce, sample introduction system, colvunn and detector. The major suppHers of gas chromatography apparatus in today s world market include Hewlett-Packard (which is considered by most as the industry standard), Varian, Perkin-Elmer, Shimadzu, and Carlo-Erba. 

The normal gas chromatography apparatus is used for inverse gas chromatography however it requires more precise measurements of column inlet and outlet pressure, better thermostatting, to within 0.01°C and a more accurate control of carrier gas flow rate. 

Fig, 29. Schematic diagram of gas chromatography apparatus and vacuum system. 

Rudolph, J., Bachmann, K. Gas-chromatography apparatus for the investigation and separation of radioactively labeled incnganic-compounds at high-temperatures. Mikrochim. Acta 1, 477-493 (1979)... 

Gas Chromatograph—Any gas chromatography apparatus may be used provided the system has sufficient sensitivity to detect the trace compounds of interest. For calculation techniques utilizing a recorder, the signal for 20 ppm concentration shall be at least 5 chart divisions above the noise level on a 0 to 100 scale chart. The noise level must be restricted to a maximum of 2 chart divisions. When electronic integration is employed, the signal for 20-ppm concentration must be at least twice the noise level. 

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