Garcinia acid

Mackeen, M.M., Ali, A.M., Lajis, N.H., Kawazu, K., Kikuzaki, H. and Nakatani, N. (2002) Antifungal Garcinia acid esters from the fruits of Garcinia atroviridis. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung Section C, Biosciences 57(3/4), 291-295. 

Polavarapu PL, Scalmani G, Hawkins EK, Rizzo C, Jeirath N, Ibnusaud I, Habel D, Nair DS, Haleema S. Importance of solvation in understanding the chiroptical spectra of natural products in solution Phase garcinia acid dimethyl ester. J. Nat. Prod. 2011 74(3) 321-328. 

Polavarapu PL, Donahue EA, Shanmugan G, Scaltnani G, Hawkins EK, Rizzo C, et al. A Single Chiroptical Spectroscopic Method May Not Be Able to Establish the Absolute Configurations of Diastereomers Dimethylesters of Hibiscus and Garcinia Acids. J Phys Chem A 2011 115 5665-5673. 

DL-three-1,2-Dihydroxypropane-l,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (garcinia acid) (C HgOg)... 

Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is found in the fruit and rind of the mangosteen oil tree plant (Garcinia campogia). This tropical plant, native to India, bears yellowish pumpkin-shaped fruit (Figure 6.4). In animal studies, HCA was shown to decrease... 

Zadernowski R, Czaplicki S and Naczk M. 2009. Phenolic acid profiles of mangosteen fruits (Garcinia mangostana). Food Chem 112(3) 685-689. 

Then there is HCA, a substance that comes from the Indian plant garcinia cambogia. HCA s full name is hydroxycitric acid. It is the main ingredient in the well-known diet pill Hydroxycut, which also contains green tea extract and other ingredients. Studies using animals have found that HCA may possibly help reduce body fat. Any evidence that it may lead to weight loss in humans is weak at best. 

In general, the Garcinia species contains xanthones and phenolic compounds. Xanthones and xanthone derivatives have been isolated from the various species of Garcinia (Rama Rao et al., 1980 Minami et al., 1994). However, the isolation of (-)-hydroxycitric acid [(-)-HCA] from a few species of Garcinia and its biological properties has attracted the attention of biochemists and health practitioners. (-)-HCA is found in the fruit rinds of G. cambogia, G. indica and G. atroviridis (Lewis and Neelakantan, 1965 Lewis, 1969), which are abundant in the Indian subcontinent and western Sri Lanka (CSIR, 1956 Watt, 1972). 

Heymsfield, S.B., Allison, D.B., Vasselli, J.R., Pietobe 11 i, D.G. and Nunthe, C. (1998) Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent. A randomized control trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 280, 1 596-1 600. 

Jayaprakasha, G.K. and Sakariah, K.K. (1998) Determination of organic acids in Garcinia cambogia (Desr.) by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A 806(2), 337-339. 

Jena, B.S., Jayaprakasha, C.K., Singh, R.P. and Sakariah, K.K. (2002) Chemistry and biochemistry of (-)-hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, 10-22. 

Lewis, Y.S. and Neelakantan, S. (1965) (-)-Hydroxycitric acid - the principal acid in the fruits of Garcinia cambogia. Phytochemistry 4, 619-625. 

Lewis, Y.S., Neelakantan, S. and Anjana Murthy, C. (1964) Acids in Garcinia cambogia. Current Science 33, 82-83. 

Garcinia cambogia extract (citrin) Hydroxycitric acid... 

Kokum (Garcinia indica). Both kokum and mahua fats are rich in saturated and oleic acid and contain high levels of SOS triacylglycerols. They can be fractioned separately or as blends of the two oils to produce stearins that can be used as cocoa butter extenders (Table 8) (125). Kokum butter is one of six permitted fats (pahn oil, illipe butter, kokum butter, sal fat, shea butter, and mango kernel fat), which, in some countries at least, can partially replace cocoa butter in chocolate (90). 

Okudaira, C., Ikeda, Y., Kondo, S., Furuya, S., Hirabayashi, Y., Koyano, T., Saito, Y., and Umezawa, K., Inhibition of acidic sphingomyelinase by xanthone compounds isolated from Garcinia speciosa, J Enzyme Inhib, 15 (2000) 129-138. 

Much of the research on garcinia is focused on a standardized extract referred to as HCA-SX, a garcinia extract that contains 60% of the compound hydroxycitric acid (HCA) (Soni et al. 2004). Garcinia fruit rind naturally contains approximately 16 to 26% HCA (Antony et al. 1998 Jayaprakasha and Sakariah 1998). 

Antony, J.I.X., P.D. Josan, and M.L. Shankaranarayana. 1998. Quantitative analysis of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and (-)-hydroxycitric acid lactone in Garcinia fruits and Garcinia products. /. Food Sci. Technol. 35 399-402. 

Lau, F.C., M. Bagchi, and D. Bagchi. 2008. Refuting "Evaluation of the genotoxicity of (-)-hydroxycitiic acid (HCA-SX) isolated from Garcinia cambogia.". Toxicol. Environ. Health A 71(5) 348-349. 

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