Garcinia indica

Benzophenones are distributed scarcely in foods. They are mainly present in the Garcinia genus, such as in fruits of Garcinia indica (Yamaguchi and others 2000) and Garcinia cambogia (Masullo and others 2008), characteristic products of India. Recently, benzophenone derivatives have also been identified in several by-products of mango at low concentrations (0-15 mg/100 g FW) (Barreto and others 2008). 

Yamaguchi F, Ariga T, Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H. 2000. Antioxidative and anti-glycation activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica fruit rind. J Agric Food Chem 48(2) 180—185. 

Yella Reddy, S. and Prabhakar, J.V. (1994) Cocoa butter extenders from Kokum (Garcinia indica) and Phulwara (Madhuca butyracea) butter. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 71(2), 217-219. 

Kokum (Garcinia indica). Both kokum and mahua fats are rich in saturated and oleic acid and contain high levels of SOS triacylglycerols. They can be fractioned separately or as blends of the two oils to produce stearins that can be used as cocoa butter extenders (Table 8) (125). Kokum butter is one of six permitted fats (pahn oil, illipe butter, kokum butter, sal fat, shea butter, and mango kernel fat), which, in some countries at least, can partially replace cocoa butter in chocolate (90). 

Clusia rosea, Garcinia indica, Garcinia mannii, Garcinia ovalifolta, Garcinia staudtu. 

Jayaprakasha, G.K. Sakariah, K.K. Determination of organic acids in leaves and rinds of Garcinia indica (Desr.) by LC, J.Pharm.Biomed.Ancd., 2002, 28, 379-384. 

In general, the Garcinia species contains xanthones and phenolic compounds. Xanthones and xanthone derivatives have been isolated from the various species of Garcinia (Rama Rao et al., 1980 Minami et al., 1994). However, the isolation of (-)-hydroxycitric acid [(-)-HCA] from a few species of Garcinia and its biological properties has attracted the attention of biochemists and health practitioners. (-)-HCA is found in the fruit rinds of G. cambogia, G. indica and G. atroviridis (Lewis and Neelakantan, 1965 Lewis, 1969), which are abundant in the Indian subcontinent and western Sri Lanka (CSIR, 1956 Watt, 1972). 

GA (3,4>5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) (Fig. 63.1) is a widespread phytochemical that occurs in Allanblackia floribmda, Garcinia densivenia, Bridelia micrantha, Caesalpinia sappan, Dillenia indica, Diospyros cinnabarina, Paratecoma peroba, Psidium guajava, Syzygium cordatum, Rhus typhim, Tamarix nilotica, Vitis vinifera, Hamamelis virginiam, and Toona sinensis [62]. 

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