Gallstones dissolving

Galls tone-solubilizing (gallstone-dissolving) drugs, such as ursodiol (Actigall), suppress die manufacture of cholesterol and cholic acid by die liver. The suppression of die manufacture of cholesterol and cholic add may ultimately result in a decrease in die size of radiolucent gallstones. 

Ursodeoxycholic acid (3a,7p-dihydroxy-5p-cholan-24-oic acid) is present in human bile in small quantities and is of interest because of its therapeutic use as a gallstone-dissolving agent (D8). This bile acid is thought to be... 

One other unique use of MTBE is a medical procedure for the removal of gallstones. This alternative to gallbladder surgery was developed at the Mayo Clinic, and takes advantage of MTBE s capabiUty to quickly dissolve cholesterol. A small incision is used to inject a small amount of MTBE direedy into the gallbladder, and the gallstone can then be removed in solution form (28). 

Cholesterol gallstones may be dissolved by oral treatment with... 

The answer is d, (Hardman, pp 934-935.) Chenodeoxycholic acid (chenodiol) and ursodiol have proved to he effective in some patients with cholesterol gallstones. Lovastatin lowers blood cholesterol levels but has no effect on gallstones. Methyl tertiary butyl ether and a new agent, monoctanoin, are infused directly into the common duct and will dissolve gallstones. 

The altered composition of bile increases the capacity for cholesterol uptake. Thus, gallstones can be dissolved in the course of a 1- to 2 y treatment, provided that cholesterol stones are pure and not too large (<15 mm), gall bladder function is normal, liver disease is absent, and patients are of normal body weight. UCDA is more effective (daily dose, 8-10 mg) and better tolerated than is CDCA (15 mg/d frequent diarrhea, elevation of liver enzymes in plasma). Stone formation may recur after cessation of successful therapy. 

Mexico. Decoction of the bark and dried branches is taken orally as an abortive and for diabetes. Decoction of the dried root is taken orally by pregnant humans as an abortive and for diabetes . Infusion of the shade-dried entire plant is taken orally to treat infectious diseases ". Decoction of the dried leaf is taken orally for treatment of diabetes. Hot water extract of the dried leaf is taken orally as a blood purifier to treat kidney problems, urinary tract infections, and frigidity for gallstones, rheumatism and arthritis, diabetes, wounds, and skin injuries, displacement of the womb, and paralysis and to dissolve tumors 5 United States. Hot water extract of the dried leaf is taken orally as a stimulating expectorant and tonic, for tuberculosis, and is drank by Indians of the Southwest for bowel cramps, as a diuretic, and for venereal disease. Hot water extract of the dried leaf is used externally for wound healing . Hot water extract of the dried plant is taken orally for cancer. Effects described are from multicomponent reaction ". 

Dissolution of radiolucent, noncalcified gallstones when cholecystectomy is not recommended treatment of biliary cirrhosis PO 8-10 mg/kg/day in 2-3 divided doses. Treatment may require months. Obtain ultrasound image of gallbladder at 6-mo intervals for firsf year. If gallsfones have dissolved, confinue fherapy and repeat ultrasound within 1-3 mo. 

Ursodiol Reduces cholesterol secretion into bile Dissolves gallstones Gallstones in patients refusing or not eligible for surgery May cause diarrhea... 

Drugs like chenodeoxycholic acid (chenodiol) and ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) can dissolve certain types of gallstones.28,45 These drugs decrease the cholesterol content of bile and may help dissolve gallstones that are supersaturated with cholesterol these drugs do not appear effective in the treatment of calcified gallstones.28... 

Oral 8.6, 15, 17, 25 mg tablets 8.8, 15 mg/mL liquid Drugs That Dissolve Gallstones Monoctanoin (Moctanin)... 

Ursodeoxycholic acid can be used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones it supplements the bile acid pool... 

Swirl 2 g of crushed gallstones in a 25-mL Erlenmeyer flask with 15 mL of 2-butanone on a hot plate for a few minutes until the solid has disintegrated and the cholesterol has dissolved. Filter the solution while hot, taking precautions to warm the stemless funnel prior to the filtration. Its dirty-yellow appearance is from a brown residue of the bile pigment bilirubin, a metabolite of hemoglobin. 

The results of contact dissolution of gallstones using infusions of methyl-tert-butylether by percutaneous trans-hepatic gallbladder puncture have been assessed in 803 patients (3). Stones were dissolved in 724 of 761 patients in whom gallbladder puncture was successful. The 30-day mortality was 0.4%. Common comphcations were biliary leak, fever, leukocytosis, abdominal pain, and mild increases in transaminases. Toxic effects due to ether were not reported. 

Although few studies have been carried out into the physiological actions of limonene as a solvent, it has been demonstrated that a solvent /(-limonene preparation, injected directly into the biliary system, can dissolve or disintegrate the retained cholesterol gallstones in humans (Igimi et al., 1976 Schenk et al., 1980). Also, when used as a solvent, it enhances the percutaneous absorption of drugs such as antiinflammatory agents (Okabe et al., 1994). 

Schenk, J., Dobronte, Z., Koch, H. and Stolte, M. 1980. Studies on tissue compatibility of rf-limonene as a dissolving agent of cholesterol gallstones. Z. Gastroenterol. 18(7) 389-394. 

Ursodeoxycholic acid A naturally occurring bile acid (originally isolated from the bile of bears) that is present in minor concentrations in the bile (approximately 1 to 10 percent). When administered orally, it helps to dissolve cholesterol gallstones. 

---