GABA neurotransmitter, 12-13

Mode of Motion. The cyclodienes, like lindane and toxaphene, affect the nerve axon produciag hyperactivity, convulsions, prostration, and death. The biochemical lesion is the competitive inhibition of the y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter binding site of the nerve axon. Spray workers with lengthy exposure to dieldrin have suffered from prolonged and repeated central nervous system disturbances produciag epileptiform coavulsioas. Similar disturbances occurred ia workers heavily exposed to chlordecoae. 

Manns, I. D., Mainville, L. 8r Jones, B. E. (2001). Evidence for glutamate, in addition to acetylcholine and GABA, neurotransmitter synthesis in basal forebrain neurons projecting to the entorhinal cortex. Neuroscience 107, 249-63. 

The mechanism of action of acamprosate in the maintenance of alcohol abstinence is not completely understood. Chronic alcohol exposure is hypothesized to alter the normal balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. Studies suggest acamprosate may interact with glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter systems centrally, and have led to the hypothesis that acamprosate restores this balance. 

Most of the CNS depressants have similar actions in the brain they enhance the actions of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)— neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that facilitate communication between brain cells. GABA works by decreasing brain activity. Although different classes of CNS depressants work in unique ways, it is ultimately their common ability to increase GABA activity that produces a drowsy or calming effect. 

In discussing the GABA neurotransmitter system, we have shown how benzodiazepines are allosteric modulators of GABA-A receptors and in turn, of inhibitory chloride channels. The benzodiazepine receptor may be involved in the mediation of the emotion of anxiety as well as in the mechanism of anxiolytic drug action. 

D. R. Curtis in P. Krogsgaard-Larsen, J. Scheel-Kruger, and H. Kofod, Eds., GABA-Neurotransmitters Pharmacochemical, Biochemical and Pharmacological Aspects, Munksgaard, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1979, pp. 17-27. 

F. Kofod, P. Krogsgaard-Larsen and J. Scheel-Krueger, Eds., "GABA-Neurotransmitters", Munksgaard Publ., Copenhagen, Den., 1979. 

Long and short axonal pathways derived from neuronal cell bodies widely distributed throughout the brain. These pathways are associated with the major excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmitters. They lack the very precise organisational structures of the amine pathways. 

Haefely, W. Pole, P. Schaffner, R. Keller, H.H. Pieri, L. Mohler, H. In GABA-Neurotransmitters, Krogsgaard-Larsen, P. Scheel-Kruger, J. Kofod, H., Eds., 1979, Munksgaard,... 

Jones, E.A., 2002. Ammonia, the GABA neurotransmitter system, and hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis, 17(4) pp. 275-281... 

Krogsgaard-Larsen, P., Scheel-Kruger, J., and Kofod, H., 19796, GABA Neurotransmitters, Munksgaard, Copenhagen. 

Overall, it seems reasonable to argue that the modulation of glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems is likely to be the critical mechanisms responsible for the sedative, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant proprieties of linalool and EOs containing linalool (3) in signi cant proportions. 

Vitamin Bg status has significant effects on the central production of serotonin and GABA, neurotransmitters that control pain perception, anxiety, and depression. Various reports suggest that high-dose pyridoxine, through its effects on neurotransmitters, might have favorable impacts on dysphoric mental states (15,16). 

These are extracellular chemicals that are released during the transmission of impulses from one nerve cell to another or from a nerve cell to a muscle cell or gland. They include acetylcholine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and y-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Neurotransmitters are rapidly removed or broken down as it is essential that the resting membrane potential should be restored so that further impulses may be transmitted. 

Ryegrass Loliuw perenne) An endophytic fungus in the grass produces the toxin lolitrem B, which is associated with chaises in GABA neurotransmitter Tremors and alaxia ( staggers ), weakness in cattle she, and horses... 

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