Fungi enzyme production

Two of the most widely used and detected UV filters in the environment and WWTPs are BP3 and 4-MBC. Thus, they were the selected compounds to study individually their degradation by fungi [44, 49]. Studies with BP1, not only a BP3 metabolite but also an industrial UV filter (but its use in cosmetics is not allowed) itself have also been performed. Studies in liquid media allow a better analysis and monitoring of many parameters, both the contaminant concentration and the fungal metabolic state such as glucose consumption and enzyme production. In these studies, the degradation process was performed with the fungus in form of pellets. 

Novotny C, Svobodova K, Erbanova P, Cajthamal T, Kasinath A, Lang E (2004) Lignolytic fungi in bioremediation extracellular enzyme production and degradation rate. Soil Biol Biochem 36 1545-1551... 

The use of filamentous fungi for production of xylanases was initially attractive because the enzymes are released extracellularly thus eliminating the need for cell lysis procedures. In addition, xylanase levels in fungal culture filtrates are typically in much higher concentrations than from yeasts and bacteria. Many examples of xylanases produced from fungi are listed in the review by Dekker (41). 

Trichoderma reesei RUT C30 is known to be one of the best hyperpro-ducing cellulolytic fungi. Several factors, such as the amount and quality of carbon source, temperature and pH of the cultivation, and aeration, influence enzyme production of this strain. It has been indicated in previous studies that pH and the pH-controlling strategy have a great effect on the amount of cellulase produced (1-9). 

Cellulases are found in fungi and bacteria. Of commercial interest are fungal enzymes from Aspergillus or Trichoderma and a few bacterial enzymes. They are either used as a multicomponent, which contain all enzyme types and are found in Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina), or as a monocomponent enzyme product, which consists of only one of the three types of enzymes. The multicomponent enzyme preparations can be produced from a selected cellulose overproducing strain of the wild-type organism, whereas the monocomponent cellulases are mainly produced in recombinant production systems. 

Lambert, P.W. 1983. Industrial enzyme production and recovery from filamentous fungi. In J.E. Smith, D.R. Berry, and B. Kristiansen (Eds), The Filamentous Fungi—Vol. IV (Fungal Technology), pp. 210-237. London Edward Arnold. 

Enzyme Production by a Cross-section of Several Wood-rotting Fungi Grown on Various Carbon Sources171... 

Hoffmeister, D., Keller, N. P. Natural products of filamentous fungi enzymes, genes, and their regulation. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2007, 24, 393-416. 

Some microbial pathogens can circumvent the defensive response of plants by biotransforming the antimicrobial stilbenoids in a multi-step oxidative detoxification process [106], Research has shown that the pathogenicity of B. cinerea strains is positively correlated with these fungi s production of blue-copper oxidases known as stilbene oxidases or laccases [127,128]. These enzymes are polyphenol oxidases capable of catalyzing the oxidation and polymerization of numerous phenolic substrates [129,130,131,132]. It has been shown that 1 is readily transformed in the presence of B. cinerea culture medium filtrates that contain laccases [107]. Recently, six resveratrol dimers (restrytisols A-C... 

It is used as organic fertilizer, as cattle feed, as substrate for fungi cultivation, or for microbial enzyme production. Further uses are proposed in lactic acid fermentation and adhesives production. The potato fruit liquid by-product is used for protein enrichment and as fertilizer [22, 23]. 

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