Extracellular release

Reid, M.B., Shoji, T., Moody, M. and Entman, M.L. (1992b). Reactive oxygen in skeletal muscle. II. Extracellular release of free radicals. J. Appl. Physiol. 73, 1805-1809. 

Andren PE, Caprioli RM. 1999. Determination of extracellular release of neurotensin in discrete rat brain regions utilizing in vivo microdialysis/electrospray mass spectrometry. Brain Res 845 123. 

The means by which FGFs are secreted from their producer cells remains to be fully elucidated. Several (e.g. FGF-1 and FGF-2, also known as acidic-FGF and basic-FGF, respectively Figure 7.4) do not contain a classical signal sequence for secretion (i.e. a short N-terminus stretch of hydrophobic amino acid residues which direct newly synthesized polypeptides to the endoplasmic reticulum and hence ultimately facilitates their extracellular release). Interestingly, several such FGFs display a nucleas localization motif and have been... 

Vaes, G. On the mechanism of bone resorption the action of PTH on the excretion and synthesis of lysosomal enzymes and the extracellular release of acid bone cells. J. Cell. Biol. 39. 676 (1968)... 

The vast majority of studies assessing the quantity of extracellularly released organic compounds from primary producers have relied on different experimental protocols based on the 14C-tracer technique developed to measure photosynthesis in marine waters (Steeman-Nielsen, 1952). Using this technique, the extracellular DOM release by phytoplankton has been studied in both pure cultures and natural water samples. From pure culture... 

TABLE I Selected Reports of Percentage Extracellular Release (PER) of Photosynthetically Fixed Carbon in Cultures, Freshwaters, and Marine Waters... 

An alternative approach for screening the composition of phytoplankton exudates is to use either 14C-tracer methods combined with chemical fractionation (Hama and Handa, 1987 Siuda and Wcisko, 1990 Sundh, 1991) or colorimetric methods (Obernosterer and Herndl, 1995 Biddanda and Benner, 1997) to characterize the contribution of different classes of organic compounds (carbohydrates and amino acids in polymeric or monomeric forms) to the total pool of exudates. These studies revealed that monomeric and combined carbohydrates were the major components of exudates, typically accounting for 20-90% of the total extracellularly released DOM. 

As with phytoplankton, macrophytes generate DOM either through extracellular release of photosynthate or following aging and subsequent release of dissolved and particulate constituents to the surrounding water. Information about extracellular release of DOM from macrophytes is scant. Available data indicate that extracellular release varies widely, with esti-... 

Lancelot, C. 1983. Factors affecting phytoplankton extracellular release in the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 12 115-121. 

Mague, T. H., E. Friberg, D. J. Hughes, and I. Morris. 1980. Extracellular release of carbon by marine phytoplankton a physiological approach. Limnology and Oceanography 25 262-279. 

Nalewajko, C., and D. W. Schindler. 1976. Primary production, extracellular release, and heterotrophy in two lakes in the ELA, northwestern Ontario. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33 219-226. 

Obernosterer, I., and G. J. Herndl. 1995. Phytoplankton extracellular release and bacterial growth Dependence on the inorganic N P ratio. Marine Ecology Progress Series 116 247-257. 

Vegter, F., and P. R. M. D. Visscher. 1984. Extracellular release by phytoplankton during photosynthesis in lake Grevelingen (SW Netherlands). Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 18 260—272. 

Pausz and Herndl (1999) Algal extracellular release Artificial Bacterial uptake -25%... 

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