Functional reliability

The AEBIL acoustic emission monitoring system installed on site has shown a good level of functional reliability no instrumentation failure is to be recorded in over 1 year of continuous in-plant operation. 

Risk is defined as tlie product of two factors (1) tlie probability of an undesirable event and (2) tlie measured consequences of the undesirable event. Measured consequences may be stated in terms of financial loss, injuries, deatlis, or Ollier variables. Failure represents an inability to perform some required function. Reliability is the probability that a system or one of its components will perform its intended function mider certain conditions for a specified period. Tlie reliability of a system and its probability of failure are complementary in tlie sense tliat the sum of these two probabilities is unity. This cluipler considers basic concepts and llieorenis of probability tliat find application in tlie estimation of risk and reliability. 

Military Specification MIL-P-223B to Assure Functionally Reliable Black Powder , Picatinny Arsenal Report No ASRSD-QA-A-P-60 (June 1974), cited by Ref 110 80) J.E. Tanner, Jr,... 

B. A. Dean and M. Dixon, The Functional Reliability of Semiconductor Lasers as Optical... 

Recent improvements include A computer-designed camshaft is used to achieve maximum overlap of pump strokes, resulting in virtually undetectable pulsation or ripple and small-volume check valves are used to allow the pumps to function reliably at flow rates as low as 0.001 ml/min. 

Conformational energies associated with PTP chains are calculated by using semiempirical potential energy functions. Reliability of these functions is tested against the known values of conformational energies of various simple alkyl sulfides. The magnitude of the gauche sulfur effect is estimated from the RIS analysis of the experimental values of the unperturbed dimension, dipole moment, and their temperature coefficients observed for atactic samples of PTP. 

These pumps have been found to function reliably under warm room conditions... 

In principle the global structure of an RNA junction could be determined when it is complexed with bound protein. This has not been accomplished to date in RNA, but it has proven itself for DNA junctions. For example, the structure of DNA junctions bound by the junctionresolving enzymes T4 endonuclease VII (Pohler et al., 1996) and T7 endonuclease I (Declais et al., 2003) have both been determined by comparative gel electrophoresis. It was found that both proteins substantially alter the global shape of the DNA junction in different ways. These structures were both recendy confirmed by X-ray crystallography (Biertiimpfel et al., 2007 Hadden et al., 2007), showing that comparative gel electrophoresis functions reliably for protein complexes. There is no reason to expect that the method would not work equally well for RNA junction complexes. The binding of the ribosomal protein SI 5 to a three-way RNA junction has been studied by an electrophoretic approach that is related to comparative gel electrophoresis (Batey and Williamson, 1998). 

MacLachlan continued to investigate the invention, and Dr. Charles Yembrick and Dr. Peter Strilko, who had joined our group recently, were assigned to optimize MacLachlan s system. They did a superb job and before long we had developed coatings, which functioned reliably. Of course, it was fortunate that we had access to leucodyes that were not oxidized by phenanthrenequinone, and that the spectra of the various components had minimum overlap in the critical spectral regions required for color formation and photodeactivation. 

A resin or binder is required to impart adhesion, and physical and chemical resistance to the image so that it will not scratch or wipe off. The resin may also be used to build up viscosity for those print heads that require a higher jetting viscosity. In order for the print head to function reliably, the resin should be able to redissolve in the ink. If the resin is no longer soluble in the ink when dried, there is a large risk of plugged nozzles. This requirement must be balanced with the requirement to make the printed surface scratch and chemical resistant. 

How many users will there be on the system at the same time, and will the system still perform its functions reliably This number may be lower than the nnmber of concurrent licensed users but it is still important to define this in the URS and test during the PQ. 

A long list of possible excipients is available to the formulation scientist, but certain external factors such as cost, functional reliability, availability, and international acceptance govern their selection. For example, although the official compendia provide standards for identity and purity of excipients, monographs may not provide tests to assure their functionality. 

Hardware maintenance (i) maximizes the likelihood that hardware will continue to function reliably, (ii) if maintenance is performed in-house, a responsible person (RP) must be assigned for following schedule and procedure for documenting the performance, and (iii) if vendor is responsible, an RP must be assigned to document that the maintenance was performed on schedule. 

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