MRI functional

R. Kennan, D. Kim, A. Maki, H. Koizumi, and R. T. Constable. Non-invasive assessment of language lateralization by transcranial near infrared optical topography and functional mri. Human Brain Mapping, 16 183-189, 2002. 

Cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism Nicotine increases cerebral blood flow (Hara et al. 1993 Yokoi et al. 1993). Functional MRI of smokers who were administered intravenous nicotine shows increases of cerebral blood flow in several areas of the brain. Corresponding to feelings of mood elevation, nicotine activates the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, cingulate cortex, and frontal lobes. This activation is very consistent with functional systems subserving arousal and reinforcement. 

Stein EA, Pankiewicz J, Harsch HH, Cho JK, Fuller SA, Hoffmann RG, Hawkins M, Rao SM, Bandettini PA, Bloom AS. (1998). Nicotine-induced limbic cortical activation in the human brain a functional MRI study. Am J Psychiatry. 155(8) 1009-15. 

Callicott JH, Mattay VS, Bertolino A, Finn K, Coppola R, Frank JA, et al (1999) Physiological characteristics of capacity constraints in working memory as revealed by functional MRI. Cereb Cortex 9(l) 20-26... 

Stein E, Pankiewicz J, Harsch HH, Cho JK, Fuller SA, Hoffmann RG, Hawkins M, Rao S, Bandettini PA, Bloom AS (1998) Nicotine-induced limbic cortical activation in the human brain a functional MRI smdy. Am J Psychiatry 155 1009-1015 Sziraki I, Lipovac MN, Hashim A, Sershen H, Allen D, Cooper T, Czobor P, Lajtha A (2001) Differences in nicotine-induced dopamine release and nicotine pharmacokinetics between Lewis and Fischer 344 rats, Neurochem Res 26 609-617 Terborg C, Birkner T, Schack B, Witte OW (2002) Acute effects of cigarette smoking on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics a combined study with near-infrared spectroscopy and transcranial Doppler sonography, J Neurol Sci 205 71-75 Thompson JC, WUby G, Stough C (2002) The effects of transdermal nicotine on inspection time. Hum Psychopharmacol 17 157-161... 

Kastner, S., De Weerd, P., Desimone, R., and Ungerleider, L.G. (1998) Mechanisms of directed attention in the human extrastriate cortex as revealed by functional MRI. Science 282 108-111. 

Thomas et al., 2001 5 MDD 5 NC 8-16 Functional MRI digitized faces with neutral and fearful facial expressions MDD < NC amygdala response to fearful expressions compared to fixation... 

Blumberg, H., Kaufman, J., Martin, A., and Peterson, B. (2001) Structural and functional MRI studies in children, adolescents, and adults with bipolar disorder. Presented at the Childhood Depression A Critical Review Conference. Banbury Center, NY Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 

Breiter, H.C. and Rauch, S.L. (1996) Functional MRI and the study of OCD from symptom provocation to cognitive-behavioral probes of cortico-striatal systems and the amygdala. Neuroimage 4 8127-8138. 

Bloom, A.S., Hoffmann, R.G., Fuller. S.A., et al . Determination of drug-induced changes in functional MRI signal using a pharmacokinetic model. Hum. Brain Mapp. 8, 235-244, 1999. 

Sperling, R., Greve, D., Dale, A., et al. Functional MRI detection of pharmacologically induced memory impairment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99(1), 455-460, 2002. 

Nakahara K, Hayashi T, Konishi S, Miyashita Y. Functional MRI of macaque monkeys performing a cognitive set-shifting task. Science 2002 295 1532-1536. 

During neonatal development, the brain possesses the striking ability to transfer initially lost functions to new, unaffected cortical areas when irreversible lesions prohibit function of the original representation fields - an ability that is still to a lesser degree present in mature brain. This type of plastic response has been studied in rats with a well defined lesion of the somatosensory cortex that was induced 1 day after birth. Six months later functional MRI (fMRI) was performed with a forepaw stimulation paradigm when the animals showed no neurological... 

Schmidt-Kastner R, Paschen W, Ophoff BG, Hossmann KA (1989) A modified four-vessel occlusion model for inducing incomplete forebrain ischemia in rats. Stroke 20 938-946 Schmitz B, Bottiger BW, Hossmann KA (1997) Functional activation of cerebral blood flow after cardiac arrest in rat. J Cereb Blood FlowMetab 17 1202-1209 Schmitz B, Bock C, Hoehn-Berlage M, Kerskens CM, Bottiger BW, Hossmann KA (1998) Recovery of the rodent brain after cardiac arrest a functional MRI study. Magn Reson Med 39 783-788... 

Weiss EM, Hofer A, Golaszewski S, Siedentopf C, Felber S, et al. 2006. Language lateralization in unmedicated patients during an acute episode of schizophrenia A functional MRI study. Psychiatry Res 146(2) 185-190. 

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