Functional Imaging

Keywords Biocompatible Cancer diagnostics Functionalization Imaging Nanoparticles Surface modification Targeted drug delivery... 

Functional imaging studies have consistently shown cortico-limbic abnormalities in schizophrenia 878... 

Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides have been implicated in fear and anxiety. Much of our knowledge of the human neural substrates of fear and anxiety is derived from pioneering work using cat and rodent models. As techniques have advanced, our understanding of the anatomy, neurochemistry and physiology of these responses has progressed. In particular, the development of functional imaging techniques has allowed us to confirm that observations made in a number of animal species may also apply to humans. 

Functional imaging studies (Ch. 58) in human addicts have found that cue-elicited craving is associated with activation of the amygdala, the anterior cingulate cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [18]. Activation of other regions has been reported less consistently. The amygdala is critical for associative... 

PET and SPECT are both functional imaging methods that use externally administered radionuclide-labeled substances to image in vivo physiological processes in 3-D space 944... 

Hafner JH, Cheung CL, Woolley AT, Lieber CM (2001). Structural and functional imaging with carbon nanotube AFM probes. Progress in Biophysics Molecular Biology 77 73-110. 

Also of note is a decrease in thalamic activation, which could result from blocked activation from pontine tegmental cholinergic nuclei, and/or altered activity of fronto-striato-thalamic circuits. In either case, the functional imaging findings well account for the cognitive and subjective effects of central anticholinergic drugs. 

Frederick B, Lindsey KP, Nickerson LD, Ryan ET, Lukas SE (2007) An MR-compatible device for delivering smoked marijuana during functional imaging. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 87(1) 81-89... 

Functional Imaging of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (nAChRs). 154... 

Table 3 Functional imaging studies of the effects of nicotine or cigarette smoking on the dopamine (DA) system... 

Other functional imaging studies of the DA system have reported decreased Di receptor density (Dagher et al. 2001), increased F-DOPA uptake (a marker for increased DA turnover) (Salokangas et al. 2000), and both decreased (Krause et al. 2002) and no alterations (Staley et al. 2001) in dopamine transporter binding in smokers. 

Rees G, Lavie N (2001) What can functional imaging reveal about the role of attention in visual awareness Neuropsychologia 39 1343-1353... 

In 1998, the commercial introduction of multislice computed tomography made X-ray functional imaging possible. Specific contrast agents that could remain within the intravascular compartment for a substantially longer time than conventional nonspecific agents may allow the quantification of local blood volume, tissue perfusion and permeability and thus the characterization of several types of lesions. 

Despite addressing different cellular functions, imaging the potassium space by or by cellular metabolic trapping of FDG, the size and severity of the defects obtained with both radionuclides by PET are virtually identical [66, 67], indicating equivalent preservation of these two measures of viability. 

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