Fullerenes self-assembly

Irle, S., Zheng, G. S., Wang, Z., Morokuma, K. (2006). The Cgo formation puzzle solved QM/MD simulations reveal the shrinking hot giant road of the dynamic fullerene self-assembly mechanism. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110(30), 14531-14545. 

Smalley R E 1992 Self-assembly of the fullerenes Accounts.Chem. Res. 25 98-105... 

Hawker C J, Seville P M and White J W 1994 The synthesis and characterization of a self-assembling amphiphilic fullerene J. Org. Chem. 59 3503-5... 

Akiyama T, Imahori H, Ajawakom A and Sakata Y 1996 Synthesis and self assembly of porphyrin-linked fullerene on gold surface using S-Au linkage Chem. Lett. 907-8... 

Komatsu K (2005) The Mechanochemical Solid-State Reaction of Fullerenes. 254 185-206 Kriegisch V, Lambert C (2005) Self-Assembled Monolayers of Chromophores on Gold Surfaces. 258 257-313... 

Higashi N, Shosu T, Koga T, Niwa M, Tanigawa T (2006) pH-responsive, self-assembling nanoparticle from a fullerene-tagged poly(L-glutamic acid) and its superoxide dismutase mimetic property. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 298 118-123. 

Georgakilas V, Pellarini F, Prato M, Guldi DM, Melle-Franco M, Zerbetto F (2002). Supramolecular self-assembled fullerene nanostructures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99 5075-5080. 

The first ever reported molecule to undergo encapsulation was fullerene, which spontaneously and accidentally ended up in the tubes during post-processing of raw tubes prepared via the pulsed laser vaporization method. This could be considered a milestone in the self-assembling of a new class of nanomaterials [78]. 

The CgQ surface coverage was determined to be 2.0 10 mol cm . The monolayer can be further modified with monomeric amine reagents, which demonstrates the potential of the self-assembly process for growing three-dimensional fullerene structures. Different surfaces such as quartz. Si-oxide [105] or ITO [102] were coated with multilayers of fullerene up to stacks of 9 layers. An imidirectional electron transfer is possible across the fullerene mulhlayers [102]. Not only can multiple layers of fullerenes be connected to a certain surface but amino-functionalized can also serve as a linker between two different surfaces. 3-Aminopropyl-tethered glass plates could be linked via a Cgg layer to 3-aminopropyl covered zeolite crystals [106]. 

Hahn U, Cardinal F, Nierengarten J-F. Supramolecular chemistry for the self-assembly of fullerene-rich dendrimers. New J Chem 2007 31 1128-1138. 

Cgo single molecules between electrodes fabricated by electromigration [103] to create single Cgo molecule transistors were measured at a temperature of 40 mK. The results showed the coexistence and competition of the effects of Coulomb repulsion, Kondo correlations and superconductivity [104]. The Kondo effect had been previously observed in similar devices [105]. Recently a SAM of a tricarboxylic acid fullerene derivative was used to fabricate a transistor. The SAM was created by allowing the fullerene compound to self assemble on top of an AI2O3 layer just above the aluminum drain electrode the source lead was created by... 

D Souza E, Maligaspe E, Ohkubo K et al (2009) Photosynthetic reaction center mimicry low reorganization energy driven charge stabilization in self-assembled cofacial zinc phthalocy-anine dimer-fullerene conjugate. J Am Chem Soc 131 8787-8797... 

Self-assembled objects of various nature bear the name nanotubes. Some of them are covalently bound structures while other are self-assembled aggregates.The best known among them are probably elongated fullerenoid structures called carbon nanotubes obtained, in addition to spheroidal fullerenes,... 

Nierengarten et al. have reported many examples of fullerene-rich dendrimers, obtained by either covalent linking or self-assembly of proper units.72,73 A very interesting example is represented by a family of fullerodendrimers from the first to the third generation, containing a hexaphenylbenzene core and 6, 12, and 24 C60 units (compound 26 in Fig. 6.19) at the periphery, respectively.74... 

The pseudorotaxane self-assembles through hydrogen bonding, and the binding constant, calculated using steady-state fluorescence, is 1.4 x 10. The zinc phthalocyanine derivative exhibited an excited-state lifetime of approximately 3.1 ns. The fast decay of the excited state of 1 ZnPc upon complexation with the fullerene... 

A similar supramolecular approach, in which both n-n stacking stacking of pyrene on the SWNT surface and alkyl ammonium-crown ether interactions were used in the self-assembly process of a fullerene derivative with SWNTs, was recently reported (Scheme 9.22).72 The nanohybrid integrity was probed with various spectroscopic techniques, , and electrochemical measurements. Nanosecond transient absorption studies confirmed electron transfer as the quenching mechanism of the singlet excited state of C60 in the nanohybrid resulting in the formation of SWNT"1"/ Pyr-NH3 + /crown- charge-separated state. 

Like the currently popular area, called nanoscience , the field of supramolecular chemistry has rather hazy boundaries. Indeed, both areas now share much common ground in terms of the types of systems that are considered. From the beginning, electrochemistry, which provides a powerful complement to spectroscopic techniques, has played an important role in characterizing such systems and this very useful book goes considerably beyond the volume on this same topic by Kaifer and Gomez-Kaifer that was published about 10 years ago. Some of the classic supramolecular chemistry topics such as rotaxanes, catenanes, host-guest interactions, dendrimers, and self-assembled monolayers remain, but now with important extensions into the realms of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and biomolecules, like DNA. 

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