Fullerene structure

In this paper, we analyze the methods of synthesizing multi-shell fullerene structures and try to gather some information about their formation mechanism. We also discuss some particularities of the energetics of onion-like graphitic particles. The understanding of the parameters involved would allow the development of efficient production procedures. 

Fullerene epoxide, C )0, is formed by the UV irradiation of an oxygenated benzene solution of Cfio The O atom bridges a 6 6 bond of the closed fullerene structure. The same compound is also formed as one of the products of the reaction of Cgo with dimethyldioxirane, Mc2COO (see later). ... 

Jose-Yacaman, M., Miki-Yoshida, M., Rendon, L., and Santiesteban, J.G. (1993) Catalytic growth of carbon microtubules with fullerene structure. Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 657-659. 

Nakamura E, Tokuyama H, Yamago S, Shiraki T, Sugiura Y (1996) Biological activity of water-Soluble fullerenes. Structural dependence of DNA cleavage, cytotoxicity, and enzyme inhibitory activities including HIV-Protease inhibition. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 69 2143-2151. 

The CgQ surface coverage was determined to be 2.0 10 mol cm . The monolayer can be further modified with monomeric amine reagents, which demonstrates the potential of the self-assembly process for growing three-dimensional fullerene structures. Different surfaces such as quartz. Si-oxide [105] or ITO [102] were coated with multilayers of fullerene up to stacks of 9 layers. An imidirectional electron transfer is possible across the fullerene mulhlayers [102]. Not only can multiple layers of fullerenes be connected to a certain surface but amino-functionalized can also serve as a linker between two different surfaces. 3-Aminopropyl-tethered glass plates could be linked via a Cgg layer to 3-aminopropyl covered zeolite crystals [106]. 

On complexation, the fullerene structure is not significantly altered electronically and as a result the spectrum is similar to the unbound form. In the case of C60, the following features are common to both the free ligand and to all its monoadducts ... 

Kir97] E. C. Kirby, Recent works on toroidal and other exotic fullerene structures, chapter 8 in From Chemical Topology to 3-Dimensional Geometry, ed. by A.T. Balaban, Plenum Press, 1997,263-296. 

Sah94] C. H. Sah, A generalized leapfrog for fullerene structures, Fullerenes Science and Technology 2-4 (1994) 445-458. 

S. Iijima (NEC Corporation, Japan). The giant fullerene structures are not as you mentioned. Already I, and other groups, have done similar experiments that involved having the metal in a small cluster, for example nickel or iron, and carbonising the metal. I have made thin graphitical films all around the metal particle, so it is similar to the structure you have mentioned. 

Raghavachari, K. Rohlfing, C. M. 1992 Imperfect fullerene structures isomers of C60. J. phys. Chem. 96, 2463-2466. 

Once the fullerene concept had been defined, it was inevitable that it would find application in many fields of chemistry. In this paper several real and hypothetical cluster types have presented in order to show how the basic fullerene structure may adapt to the requirements of building blocks other than carbon atoms. Many more analogies of this kind remain to be explored. 

Consensus of opinion now favours closed shell fullerene structures for the c32-c... 

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