Fuel processing concepts

Integrated Micro Structured Reactor Fuel Processing Concepts... 

Solvent-Refined Coal (SRC) This processing concept was initiated by the Pittsburgh Midway Coal Mining Co. in the early 1960s. The SRC-I process operating mode is designed to produce a solid fuel for utility applications. Typical operating conditions and product yields for SRC-I are shown in Table 27-14. 

Holmen, A., Olsvik, O., and Rockstad, O., Pyrolysis of natural gas Chemistry and process concepts, Fuel Proces. Technol., 42,249, 1995. 

Combining fuel and power production, possibly extended with (bulk) chemical production by advanced integrated biorefinery process concepts... 

The mass flow of the conversion gas, its molecular composition, temperature and stoichiometry, are a complex function of volume flux of primary air, primary air temperature, type of solid fuel, conversion concept, etc. Several workers have tried to mathematically model these relationships, which are commonly referred to as bed models [12,33,14,51,52]. It is an extremely difficult task to obtain a predictive bed model, which is discussed in the introduction of this ew. The review of the thermochemical conversion processes below will outline the complex relationships between these variables and their effect on the conversion gas in sections B 4.4-B 4.6. 

Design Concepts of Micro Structured Reactors for Fuel Processing Applications... 

It has even been proposed to give up the separation of the gas chambers.156-158 Then one has to completely rely on selective catalytic activity of electrocatalysts to activate reduction or oxidation processes. In Ref.158 considerable power densities have been achieved in this way. This single chamber fuel cell concept might be indeed relevant for reduced temperature application. 

CMPO. CMPO, or octyl(phenyl)-A,A-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (see Figure 26), was developed by Horwitz and co-workers as an efficient actinide extractant for use in the TRUEX process in the remediation of acidic nuclear waste solutions. Derivatives of carbamoylphosphine oxides (CMPO) have been studied in nuclear fuel processing schemes involved in transmutation concepts." ... 

The processing scheme just discussed uses atmospheric and vacuum residues as its raw material. Recently, consideration has been given to a fuels reflnery concept in which whole crude oil is processed to yield only utility fuels. The processing sequence discussed in this paper would flt quite well into such a processing sequence. A block flow diagram of a fuels reflnery is shown in Figure 9. Such a complex would produce low sulfur-content fuel oil, turbine fuel, and naphtha. The naphtha product could be a raw material for the production of either SNG or petrochemicals. 

The concept that the removal of an undesired reaction product by selective adsorption from the reaction zone of an equilibrium-controlled reaction increases the conversion and the rate of formation of the desired component (based on Le Chatelier s principle) was used to develop a novel PSA process concept called SERP for direct production of fuel cell-grade hydrogen by steam reforming of methane (CH4 + 2H20 44 C02 + 4H2).57 61 The concept uses a physical admixture of a reforming (noble metal on alumina) catalyst and a chemisorbent (K2C03 promoted hydrotalcite), which selectively and reversibly chemisorbs C02 from a gas at a temperature of -450 °C in the presence of steam. The cyclic SERP steps consisted of the following ... 

Other recent ideas on (i) simultaneous sorption-reaction process concepts using the principles of a novel PSA technology for the production of fuel cell-grade hydrogen and (ii) improving the H2 recovery from existing H2 PSA processes by integrating it with additional PSA units or nanoporous SSF adsorbent membrane systems are reviewed. 

Wurm, J.G. Heylen, P.R. DeBeukelaer, R.C. DeConinck, A. "Pyrochemical Head-End Conception for Fast Breeder Fuel Processing", EUR-4614e, 1970. 

Process studies on fluoride volatility method have been carried out for the purpose of evaluating feasibility for the reprocessing of FBR fuels (33). Process concept investigated is shown in Figure 9. It aimed at a simple and advanced process for continuous operation. Experiments are mainly made on the fluorination and purification using bench-scale fluid-beds and traps. 

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