Sulfur content, fuel

Future legislation will stimulate burner development in the areas of carbon monoxide, NOx and particulate generation. Techniques will include flue-gas recirculation, staged combustion, and additives to reduce the NOx and more sophisticated controls. Controls over the sulfur generated do not affect burner design greatly since the sulfur dioxide is a natural product of combustion and can only be reduced by lower fuel sulfur contents or sulfur removal from the exhaust gases. 

Low odor Low fuel sulfur content helps to minimize combustion vapor odor. 

Fuel sulfur content is being more closely scrutinized with each passing year. It is known that the burning of fuel sulfur can form sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide compounds. In combination with water, these sulfur oxides can form acidic compounds. 

TABLE IV. SOp Emissions as a Function of Fuel Sulfur Content... 

Figure 6 Effect of platinum content (g ft ) in diesel oxidation catalysts on tailpipe emissions in the ECE R49 test carbon monoxide (a), hydrocarbon (b), soluble organic fraction (c), sulfur trioxide (d), and particulates (e). The fuel sulfur content was 500 ppm.

Precious metal content Fuel sulfur content (wt. %) Sulfur offered (mgm-2) Lube oil phosphorus content (wt. %) Phosphorus offered (mgm"-) Catalyst sulfur content (mgm ) Catalyst phosphorus content (mgm ) Catalyst carbon content (mgm 2)... 

The NOx concentration was measured with an Eco Physics chemiluminescence NOx analyser. Ammonia was measured with a Siemens MIPAN (Microwave Process ANalyser). In case of dry model gases the disappearance of SO2 was measured with a Siemens Ultramat 5E NDIR (Non- Dispersive Infi a-Red) analyser. In case of diesel gases SO3 was measured with a Severn Science Instruments automatic titration unit and the SO2 concentration was calculated on basis of the fuel sulfur content. 

With a high level of activity whatever the quality of the fuel (sulfur content), the fuel-borne catalyst allows emission levels lower than the ones requested by the most severe regulations that will be effective in 2007 in the US and 2008 in Europe. 

Lepperhof, G., Stommel, P, Luers, B. and Searles, RA. (2000). Vehicle study on the impact of diesel fuel sulfur content on the performance of DeNox catalysts and the influence of DeNox catalysts on particle size and number. Soc. Automot. Eng. Tech. Pap. Ser., SAE 2000-01-1877. 

The risk of salt formation depends on the local maximum of the product of NH3 SO3 along the catalyst. Higher vanadium content of the catalyst increases the SCR activity but also the SO conversion. Therefore, the sulfur content of the fuel limits the minimum dosing temperature as well as the low temperature SCR activity. Figure 2.15 is an estimate of the minimum temperature before catalyst for reductant dosing with regard to fuel sulfur content. 

Fig. 2.15 Minimum exhaust temperature before catalyst for NHs-dosing as function of fuel sulfur content based on empirical data according to [13]...

Country Fuel Sulfur Content, wppm 2004 Level Target Level Target Date... 

Sulfur dioxide emissions from combustion turbines can be limited by using low sulfur content fuels, or by using technologies that reduce the fuel sulfur content or that capture sulfur dioxide emissions in the exhaust. Sulfur dioxide emissions should not exceed ... 

For solid-derived fuels 770 g/GJ of output for those fuels whose uncontrolled SO2 emissions based on fuel sulfur content would be between 770 and 7700 g/GJ of output, or a minimum of 90 percent sulfur capture for those fuels whose uncontrolled SO2 emissions based on fuel sulfur content would be greater than 7700 g/GJ of output. 

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