Fuel oils boiling point

Pour point ranges from 213 K (—80°F) for some kerosene-type jet fuels to 319 K (115°F) for waxy No. 6 fuel oils. Cloud point (which is not measured on opaque fuels) is typically 3 to 8 K higher than pour point unless the pour has been depressed by additives. Typical petroleum fuels are practically newtonian liqmds between the cloua point and the boiling point and at pressures below 6.9 MPa (1000 psia). 

Table 14 shows a compilation of the N-heterocyclic compounds present in oil-derived fuels. The boiling point values and their MW have been included to indicate the fraction in which they will most likely be present. 

This test method covers the distillation of natural gasolines, motor gasolines, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, special boiling point spirits, naphthas, white spirit, kerosines, gas oils, distillate fuel oils, and similar petroieum products, utilizing either manual or automated equipment... 

The winter period corresponds, of course, to the moment in the year where the diesel fuel and home-heating oil characteristics are noticeably different. Table 5.18 gives a typical example of tbe recorded differences heating oil appears more dense and viscous than diesel fuel, while its initial and final boiling points are higher. 

Other than fuel, the largest volume appHcation for hexane is in extraction of oil from seeds, eg, soybeans, cottonseed, safflower seed, peanuts, rapeseed, etc. Hexane has been found ideal for these appHcations because of its high solvency for oil, low boiling point, and low cost. Its narrow boiling range minimises losses, and its low benzene content minimises toxicity. These same properties also make hexane a desirable solvent and reaction medium in the manufacture of polyolefins, synthetic mbbers, and some pharmaceuticals. The solvent serves as catalyst carrier and, in some systems, assists in molecular weight regulation by precipitation of the polymer as it reaches a certain molecular size. However, most solution polymerization processes are fairly old it is likely that those processes will be replaced by more efficient nonsolvent processes in time. 

Naphthenic acids occur ia a wide boiling range of cmde oil fractions, with acid content increa sing with boiling point to a maximum ia the gas oil fraction (ca 325°C). Jet fuel, kerosene, and diesel fractions are the source of most commercial naphthenic acid. The acid number of the naphthenic acids decreases as heavier petroleum fractions are isolated, ranging from 255 mg KOH/g for acids recovered from kerosene and 170 from diesel, to 108 from heavy fuel oil (19). The amount of unsaturation as indicated by iodine number also increases in the high molecular weight acids recovered from heavier distillation cuts. 

Fluid catalytic cracking units (FCC or FCCU) are the major processing units to reduce boiling ranges of those crude oil components that have boiling points higher than the final boiling points of the transportation fuels—typically above 650°F (343°C). These... 

Another liquid contaminant is unburned fuel. A poor-quality fuel, for example, may contain high boiling point constituents that will not all burn off in the combustion process and will drain into the sump. The practice of adding kerosene to fuel to facilitate easy starting in very cold weather will eventually cause severe dilution of the lubricating oil. Excessive use of over-rich mixture in cold weather will mean that all the fuel is not burnt because of the lack of oxygen and again, some remains to drain into the sump. 

Lower cloud point in the diesel fuel. Isoparaffins in the light cycle oil boiling range improve the cloud point. 

Petroleum refining begins by fractional distillation of crude oil into three principal cuts according to boiling point (bp) straight-run gasoline (bp 30-200 °C), kerosene (bp 175-300 °C), and heating oil, or diesel fuel (bp 275-400 °C). Further distillation under reduced pressure then yields... 

---