Fuel gas scrubber

Utility or Fuel Gas Scrubber Heat Exchanger i. nnpressor Scrubber Compressor Discharge... 

Possibly the most frequent cause of flooding or foaming in refinery fuel gas scrubbers is high liquid levels in the bottom of the tower. Referring to Figure 4-3, when the liquid level in the bottom of the scrubber rises to the level of the sour-gas inlet, the tower will flood. This occurs because the incoming gas will entrain the bottoms liquid onto the bottom tray. This entrained liquid will cause the bottom tray to flood, and the flooding... 

FIGURE 4-4 A properly designed amine fuel-gas scrubber... 

Front-end pressure increase (sulfur recovery), 130-131 Fuel gas scrubber, 105 Fuel-grade coke, 65 Furnace duty, 28... 

Most large amine spills are a consequence of scrubber foaming. The amine solution froths up on the trays and is carried overhead with the sweet gas. This leads to the following scenario, beginning at the refinery s fuel gas scrubber ... 

Make a list of the scrubbers in the refinery. Determine the permissible H2S concentration for sweet gas from each scrubber. For fuel gas scrubbers, the specification is usually 150 parts per million (ppm). 

For example, for a fuel gas scrubber with a tower top pressure and temperature of 70 psig and 110°F ... 

To minimize COj recovery, reduce the number of trays used to absorb H2S. Install several new feed nozzles at various locations and experiment. Figure 4-6 summarizes the results of one such experiment on a refinery fuel gas scrubber. 

Determining the amine liquid level in the bottom of a fuel gas scrubber. 

Municipal and industrial incinerators Pathological incinerators Industrial waste Odors, hydrocarbons, HCl, dioxins, furans Particulates, smoke, and combustion contaminants Proper charging, acid gas scrubber, baghouse Modified fuel feed, auxiliary fuel and dryer systems, cyclones, scrubbers... 

Anthropogenic sources of fluoride include fossil fuel combustion and industrial waste. Hydrogen fluoride is water soluble and emissions are readily controlled by acid gas scrubbers. HF emission from coal combustion, that is considered to be the main anthropogenic source of HF, was estimated to be 0.18 Tg annually emission of HF from the combustion of petroleum and natural gas is almost certainly negligible [24]. Apparently only limited data are available concerning total annual emissions of HF from industrial operations however, there is evidence that emissions of fluorides have been declining [24,25]. 

This vessel can remove 100% of all particles larger than about 2 microns and 99% of those down to about 0.5 micron. Filter separators are commonly used on compressor inlets in field compressor stations, as final scrubbers upstream of gylcol contact towers and in instrument. fuel gas applications. Design is proprietary and dependent upon type of filter element employed. 

The gas from the carbon scrubber is further cooled by the fuel gas and boiler feed water and led into the sulfur compound removal section, where hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) are removed from the gas to obtain clean fuel gas. This clean fuel gas is heated with the hot gas generated in the... 

Fossil fuels Corrosion due to SO2 in coal-fired power plants Flue gas scrubber system eliminates S02... 

Although the pilot plant had a refuse treatment capacity of 20 Mg/d, it was usually operated at reduced load due to limitations coming from the refuse preparation site. Also schedule constraints prevented replacement of the desuperheater and scrubber employed to clean fuel gas in the pilot plant, by a waste heat boiler and electrostatic precipitator, such as are employed in the Dry Process PUROX System design. Consequently, dust was not recycled. 

The gas producer was a suction-type, downdraft reactor with 12 air holes around the mid-section of the cylindrical body, and a single gas outlet at the bottom. Connected to the gas outlet was a cyclone separator (3) to remove entrained dust and charcoal fines out of the gas before it went to the engine. The gas scrubber (4) and filter (8) were later additions when fuels with high tar and volatile matter contents were used. 

The gas processing system for this particular solar hydrogen fuel cell system consists of several gas scrubbers, a gas regulator, water filter, and a few valves, check valve and flashback arrestors. 

Mustard Mustard is immediately destroyed at temperatures above 500°C to S02, HQ, C02 and water vapor. The contractor operated a commercial, transportable 7 MM Btu/hr incinerator which could readily achieve an organic destruction efficiency of 99.9999% and which was used to destroy frozen bulk mustard introduced as solid waste and to thermally treat agent-contaminated metal scrap. The incinerator incorporated a two-stage combustion process, e.g., a rotary kiln (900°C, 1.5 tonnes/hr capacity) and a down-fired secondary combustion chamber (1200°C, 2.5s residence time), backed by a venturi wet flue gas scrubber. System components were erected on a prepared concrete foundation and housed in a prefabricated building to provide shelter for the equipment and operators. Natural gas from a nearby well provided a fuel source. 

The sweetened gas goes overhead and is sent to the fuel gas system. The rich amine exits the bottom of the scrubber and is heated in the lean—rich exchanger. It then enters the amine regenerator, where a steam reboiler is used to heat the amine to 225—250 °F. At these temperatures, the salts are thermally dissodated to regenerate the amine. The add gas, composed primarily of H2S, is sent to a sulfur recovery unit that generates elemental sulfur. 

The steam boiler plants are preferably fired with sulfur-fiee or low-sulfur fuels from the plant itself, for instance purge gas from methanol synthesis or flash gas from coal gasification and gas scrubbers. Wherever this heat supply is insufficient, it may be supplemented by firing natural gas, if available, or coal. The latter often requires complex desulfurization systems so that in certain cases even the production of low-sulfur fuel gas by coal gasification with air and subsequent desulfurization of the gas may be considered as an alternative to coal-fired systems. 

In the entrained-bed combustor, the feed coal must be introduced to the combustor as small. The particles (generally <200 mesh) are carried by the gas into the furnace and travel in a suspended state through a hot zone where they are consumed. After combustion, approximately 20% of the ash falls to the bottom of the furnace and is removed there. Combustion gases, which contain about 80% of the ash, pass out of the furnace and are treated to remove the remaining particulates (usually in an electrostatic precipitator) and sulfur compounds (usually in a stack gas scrubber). This type of combustion system (PCC) is in common use for large-scale utility boilers. Higher combustion rates can be attained in pulverized fuel combustors than in fixed-bed combustors. 

Fuel gas cleaning with oil scrubbers has been applied successfully downstream the fast internally circulating fluidized bed (FICFB) gasifier in Giissing [9, 33, 35] where waste streams are appropriately recycled to minimize disposal problems (Figure 11.8). 

Today, a predominant number of fossil fuel power plants are equipped with a multistage flue gas scrubber system consisting of denitriflcation, dedusting, and desulfurization. Thus, power plant chemistry has gained a wide fleld of activity and has to make a contribution to the satisfactory operation of such systems [204]. In Germany, more than 90% of the desulfurization plants operate according to the lime or limestone washing technique. The final product is... 

In 1966, the Institut Francaise de Petrole (IFP) designed and built a methanol fuel processor of much smaller size for an alkaline fuel cell [12], which is shown in Figure 9.2. The methanol steam reformer was operated at 250 °C and contained a fixed bed of copper/chromium catalyst. The alkaline fuel cell required the removal of carbon dioxide from the reformate and thus a small diethanol-amine gas scrubber was built. Residual carbon oxides were removed by a methanation reactor, which contained a nickel/chromium fixed catalyst bed. 

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