Energy conversion membranes direct methanol fuel cells

Aric6 AS, Baglio V, Antonucci V (2008) Composite membranes for high temperature direct methanol fuel cells. In Peinemann KV, Pereira Nunes S (eds) Membranes for energy conversion. Wiley VCH, Weinheim, pp 123-167, Chap. 5... 

Direct chemical to electrical energy conversion can be accomplished in fuel cells. Many types of fuel cells have been implemented at small scale, including low-temperature (<100 °C) proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), and formic acid fuel... 

Ledjeff K, Ahn J, ZyUca D, Heinzel A. Ion exchange membranes as electrolyte for electrochemical energy conversion. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 1990 94 1005-8. Surampudi S, Narayanan SR, Vamos E, Frank H, Halpert G, Laconti A, et al. Advances in direct oxidation methanol fuel cells. J Power Sources 1994 47 377-85. Olah GA, Goeppert A, Surya Prakash GK. Beyond oil and gas the methanol economy. Weinheim Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2006. 

---