Fuel ceramic membrane

Balachandran, U., T.H. Lee, S. Wang, G. Zhang, and S.E. Dorris, Current Status of Dense Ceramic Membranes for hydrogen Separation, 27th International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems, Clearwater, FL, March 2002. 

Finally, an additional approach to using hydrocarbon fuels with Ni-based anodes involves using methanol and ethanol, molecules that carry sufficient oxygen to avoid carbon formation.Unlike the case with low-temperature fuel cells, methanol crossover is not an issue with ceramic membranes. Since methanol decomposes very readily to CO and H2. SOFC can operate with a very high performance using this fuel. ° ° In addition, recent work has shown promising performance levels with limited carbon deposition using dimethyl ether as fuel. ° ° ... 

P.N. Dyer, C.M. Chen, Engineering development of ceramic membrane reactor system for converting natural gas to H2 and syngas for liquid transportation fuel, Proceedings of the 2000 Hydrogen Program Review, DOE, 2000... 

Development of Ceramic Membrane Reactor Systems for Converting Natural Gas to Hydrogen and Synthesis Gas for Liquid Transportation Fuels, Proceedings of the 2002 U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Review, NREL/CP-610-32405, Washington, D.C., 2002. 

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), which use oxygen conducting ceramic membranes to electo-combust H2, at the anode, by 02 -anions provided by the cathodic reduction of ambient oxygen at high temperatures. 

Balachandran, U., Si. Morissette, J.T. Dusek, Ri. Mieville, R.B. Poeppel, M.S. Kleefisch, S. Pei, TP. Kobylinski and C.A. Udovich, 1993, Development of ceramic membranes for partial oxygenation of hydrocarbon fuels to high-value-added products, in Proc. Coal Liquefaction and Gas Conversion Contractors Review Conf., Pittsburgh, 1993 (U.S. Dept of Energy). 

In contrast, if the membrane is an inorganic composition (e.g., a dense metal membrane or a nanoporous ceramic membrane), the membrane module may be operated at the elevated temperature of 450 °C. In this case, there is no need for optional HEX 2 as the fuel gas stream will exit the membrane module at 450 °C and pass to the burner without further cooling. In addition to a net increase in overall process energy efficiency, the elimination of HEX 2 also represents a reduction in capital cost for the system. 

In proton exchange membrane fuel cells, perhaps the most divulgate type of fuel cells, a proton-conducting polymer membrane acts as the electrolyte separating the anode and cathode sides. Porous anaodic alumina (Bocchetta et al., 2007) and mesoporous anastase ceramic membranes have been recently introduced in this field (Mioc et al., 1997 Colomer and Anderson, 2001 Colomer, 2006). 

Solid-state electrochemistry is an important and rapidly developing scientific field that integrates many aspects of classical electrochemical science and engineering, materials science, solid-state chemistry and physics, heterogeneous catalysis, and other areas of physical chemistry. This field comprises - but is not limited to - the electrochemistry of solid materials, the thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical reactions involving at least one solid phase, and also the transport of ions and electrons in solids and interactions between solid, liquid and/or gaseous phases, whenever these processes are essentially determined by the properties of solids and are relevant to the electrochemical reactions. The range of applications includes many types of batteries and fuel cells, a variety of sensors and analytical appliances, electrochemical pumps and compressors, ceramic membranes with ionic or mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, solid-state electrolyzers and electrocatalytic reactors, the synthesis of new materials with improved properties and corrosion protection, supercapacitors, and electrochromic and memory devices. 

Ceramic Membranes/Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Photovoltaics... 

A simple method to prepare the membrane is to react directly fluorosulfonyl difluoroacetyl fluoride, FS02CF2C0F, with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)-amide, (CH3)3SiNLiSi(CH3)3, and to cross-link with multivalent cations.209 Furthermore, ceramic membranes (P205-Si02 glass membrane) prepared by the sol-gel method have been examined as proton conducting electrolytes for fuel cells.210... 

Membrane separators offer the possibility of compact systems that can achieve fuel conversions in excess of equilibrium values by continuously removing the product hydrogen. Many different types of membrane material are available and a choice between them has to be made on the basis of their compatibility with the operational environment, their performance and their cost. Separators may be classified as (i) non-porous membranes, e.g., membranes based on metals, alloys, metal oxides or metal—ceramic composites, and (ii) ordered microporous membranes, e.g., dense silica, zeolites and polymers. For the separation of hot gases, the most promising are ceramic membranes. 

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