Fowl sarcoma

In a number of methods, isolation of the nucleoprotein complex (stage 2) is avoided. In the isolation of ribonucleic acid from beef pancreas,1241 nuclear material and cell debris are removed from a normal-saline extract of the minced tissue, which is then brought to half-saturation with sodium chloride (to dissociate the protein from the nucleic acid). After removal of the protein, the nucleic acid is precipitated with alcohol. However, the suggestion has been made126 that it is more satisfactory to isolate the nucleoprotein first, and this has been carried out, for instance, in the extraction of the ribonucleic acid from fowl sarcoma GRCH 15.126 Nucleoprotein complexes have also been isolated from baker s yeast127 and have been separated into various fractions, the nucleic acids from which differ slightly in composition. In addition, nucleoproteins have been isolated by complex formation with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.128... 

Sarcoma viruses. This group includes avian sarcoma virus (ASV), Rous-associated virus and other fowl sarcoma viruses murine sarcoma virus (MSV) (28, 265, 454) feline sarcoma virus (FeSV) (298) and sarcoma viruses of primates, including woolly monkey (SSV) (516) and gibbon ape (GaSV). 

Gross Moloney, Rauscher rous sarcoma, HIV oncogenic of fowl, aids... 

Rous, Peyton (1911) A sarcoma of the fowl transmissible by an agent separable from the tumor cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 13,397-411. Varmus, H. and Weinburg R. A. (1993) Genes and the Biology of Cancer. 

A SARCOMA OF THE FOWL TRANSMISSIBLE BY AN AGENT SEPARABLE FROM THE TUMOUR CELLS BY PEYTON ROUS, M.D. 

A transmissible sarcoma of the chicken has been under observation in this laboratory for the past fourteen months, and it has assumed of late a special interest because of its extreme malignancy and a tendency to widespread metastasis. In a careful study of the growth, tests have been made to determine whether it can be transmitted by a filtrate free of the tumour cells. Attempts to so transmit rat, mouse, and dog tumours have never succeeded and it was supposed that the sarcoma of the fowl would not differ from them in this regard, since it is a typical neoplasm. On the contrary, small quantities of a cell-free filtrate have sufficed to transmit the growth to susceptible fowls. 

The first oncogene discovered was src, a gene carried by Rous sarcoma virus that causes sarcomas in infected fowl. 

Prophylactically active agaiust a wide range of viruses, including those causing canine distemper, lymphomatosis in fowl, shipping fever in cattle, transmissible gastroenteritis iu swine, and coryza and other upper respiratory illnesses, as well as against ECHO viruses, enteroviruses in monkeys, MM neurotropic virus, Semliki Forest virus, and NEF 1 poliomyelitis virus. Antitumor activity demonstrated in experimental leukemia and sarcoma. 

The first evidence for a tumour-inducing virus was from sarcomas in domestic fowl. Rous discovered in 1907 that a cell-fi"ee extract prepared from the minced extract of a sarcoma found in a Plymouth Rock caused sarcomas when injected into other domestic fowl. He postulated that the tumour was transmitted by a virus. The discovery received little attention then since it did not fit with the generally held theories of cancer at that time. Many years later, when a number of oncogenic viruses had been identified, the importance of Rous early discovery became apparent. Rous was awarded the Nobel prize... 

Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) A sarcoma-like disease in fowl caused by viruses. 

---