Formulation indicators

The book provides information about each single chemical peel, fully explained in terms of its properties, formulations, indications, performing technique, advantages and disadvantages. 

Special formulation indications For adult patients receiving hemodialysis and other immunocompromised adults, 1 dose of 40 /vg/ml (Recombivax HB ) or 2 doses of 20, ug/mL (Engerix-B ) administered simultaneously. 

The results presented in this chapter demonstrate that enhanced immunogenic efficacy can be achieved by using liposphere-based formulations, indicating the potential usefulness of lipospheres in the formulation of human and veterinary vaccines. The liposphere approach employs the fat-lipid environment to achieve several goals to serve as a carrier to protect the antigen, to serve as a depot, and to provide a surface interphase necessary for adjuvant activity. The ability to provide different surface... 

The UV spectra of AmB varied according to its proportion in the lipid formulation, indicating that its self-aggregation was limited by its complexa-tion with the phospholipids. These results were confirmed by circular dichroism (CD). When the AmB-lipid complexes containing 10% to 50% w/w of AmB were examined (Fig. 4), the dichroic doublet characterizing the aggregation state of AmB, centered on 335 nm, was still observed but... 

Cleavage of epoxidesThe aiiion (2) of 1 reacts with carbonyl compounds to give a,/(-unsaturated nitriles and LiOSi(CH3)3, as expected.2 The reaction with epoxides is unexpected the products are y-trimethylsilyloxynitriles, which are useful precursors to -/-lactones (equation I). The formulation indicates that a 1,4-migration of the trimethylsilyl group is involved.2... 

The theoretical formulation indicates that the gel transition should be universally observed in any gel. Many gels of synthetic and natural origin have been studied and the universality of the phase transition in gels seems to have been well established [9-11]. 

The formulations in this book are divided into the following sections and chapters, with the number of formulations indicated in () ... 

A refinement taking into account both of the composition parameters, N + O/Mo and O/N ratios, gives, for several formulations indicated in Table 13.4, a minimum value of the R factor together with the best agreement... 

In this project, we used high-purity HDTMA to manufacture the SMZ, since all of our laboratory testing had been done using this surfactant. Clearly, the bulk cost of SMZ could be greatly reduced if a less expensive surfactant were used. Surfactant mixtures which contain lower molecular-weight cationic surfactants, in addition to HDTMA, are available at lower cost. Limited experimentation with these lower-purity formulations indicated they produced SMZ that was less stable chemically and had a lower contaminant sorption capacity than SMZ prepared with pure HDTMA. The effectiveness of SMZ prepared from these alternative surfactant formulations warrants further examination, however. 

For this problem we employ the formulation indicated by Eq. (4-43), with At = 50 s. The following quantities are needed. 

The nitrosamines associated with phenozy or benzoic acids formulated as amine salts probably arise by nitrosation of the amine when nitrite is used as a corrosion inhibitor. However, the finding of nitrosodimethylamine in batches of dimethyl-amine used for formulations indicates that the question of sources may be complex. Although N-nitroso compounds may be analyzed by gas-chromatography using a number of types of... 

A review of vaginal bioadhesive formulations indicates that bioadhesive tablets have been used for localized treatment of diseases in the vaginal tissue.F ° l For example. Bleomycin, an antitumor agent, was incorporated into a flat-faced disk fabricated from a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose and poly-(acrylic acid) (Carbopol 934). ° The tablet was designed to release Bleomycin at a slow rate to minimize irritation to healthy mucosa. Another vaginal tablet is formulated from the combination of poly(acrylic acid) with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and ethylcellu-lose. Other polymer combinations evaluated for potential bioadhesive vaginal delivery include poly(acrylic acid) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with Avicel PH102 (methylcellulose) as the diluent. Insulin has been formulated in a cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) gel... 

In Fig. 9, Type 1 is the ideal case, a one to one relationship between (Y = bx) in vitro and in vivo data. Type 2 [(y = hx — a), lower line] represents the case where a dissolution exists in vitro without any absorption in vivo. This case is physiologically possible and could possibly be explained by a time lag for example. The FDA suggests in this case a time scaling on condition that the time scaling factor is the same for all formulations. Different time scales for each formulation indicate the absence of an IVIVC. Another possibility would be to modify the dissolution technique. Type 3 (y = bx + a, upper line) represents an impossible case where the drug is dissolved and absorbed in vivo before any in vitro dissolution. This case implies an inappropriate dissolution technique that must be modified. ... 

The practical administration of morphine has been reviewed in relation to dose (initial dose with titration and rescue), formulations (indication and costs), routes of administration, and adverse effects (44). 

The predictive model within the control algorithm consists in a multistage stochastic MILP. A scenario based approach is applied. Refer to Puigjaner and Lainez for scenario tree description and stochastic formulation indices details (1, hi). 

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