Composite parameters

Figure C2.3.8. Self-diffusion coefficients at 45°C for AOT ( ), water ( ) and decane ( ) in ternary AOT, brine (0.6% aqueous NaCl) and decane microemulsion system as a function of composition, a. This compositional parameter, a, is tire weight fraction of decane relative to decane and brine. Reproduced by pennission from figure 3 of [46].

Whether any of the formulation variables change the mechanical properties significantly upon aging cannot be answered due to the lack of definition of chemical composition parameters as discussed previously... 

The reliability factor B was 0276 after the first refinement and 0-211 after the fourth refinement. The parameters from the third and fourth refinements differed very little from one another. The final values are given in Table 1. As large systematic errors were introduced in the refinement process by the unavoidable use of very poor atomic form factors, the probable errors in the parameters as obtained in the refinement were considered to be of questionable significance. For this reason they are not given in the table. The average error was, however, estimated to be 0-001 for the positional parameters and 5% for the compositional parameters. The scattering power of the two atoms of type A was given by the least-squares refinement as only 0-8 times that of aluminum (the fraction... 

The ECALE deposition of ternary II-VI compound semiconductors such as CdxZni xS, CdxZni xSe, and CdSjcSei c, on Ag(lll), has been reported [51-53]. The compounds were prepared by sequential deposition of the corresponding binaries in submonolayer amounts for instance, alternate deposition of CdS and ZnS was carried out to form Cd cZni cS. The stoichiometry of the ternaries was seen to depend on the deposition sequence in a well-defined and reproducible way, with the limit that only certain discrete x values were attainable, depending on the adopted sequence profile. Photoelectrochemical measurements were consistent with a linear variation of the band gap vs. the composition parameter x of the mixed compounds. 

It should be clear that contrast and composition are by no means related to each other. Melting is changing only the composition parameter. Different thermal expansion of crystallites and amorphous matrix is (almost) only changing the contrast. 

After we have discussed the composition parameters of the SAXS of a multiphase material, we now start with the investigation of the topology. The most simple access to the arrangement of domains in the material is the discussion of long period... 

The melting point Tm is computed by solving this equation iteratively. It is often convenient to use Ec/(kBTm) as our unit of (inverse) temperature. The phase diagram of the polymer solution then depends on the molecular parameters r, q, B/Ec, and Ep/Ec, the composition parameters n and 2, and on the temperature parameter Ec/(kBTm). 

Lower-case letters are used for the coefficients in equations that represent a substituent constant as a function of other substituent constants. The difference between pure and composite parameters is that the former represent a single effect while the latter represent a mixture of two or more. The percent composition of these parameters is given by ... 

When both the electronic demand and the composition of the electrical effect are held constant, a set of composite parameters having the form ... 

Composite parameter A parameter which represents two or more effects. 

Modified composite parameter A composite parameter whose composition has been altered by some mathematical operation. 

Monoparametric equation A relationship in which the effect of structure on a property is represented by a single generally composite parameter. Examples are the Hammett and Taft equations. 

Diparametric equation A relationship in which the effect of structure on a property is represented by two parameters, one of which is generally composite. Examples discussed in this work include the LD, CR and MYT equations. Other examples are the Taft, Ehrenson and Brownlee DSP (dual substituent parameter), Yukawa-Tsuno YT and the Swain, Unger, Rosenquist and Swain SURS equations. The DSP equation is a special case of the LDR equation with the intercept set equal to zero. It is inconvenient to use and has no advantages. The SURS equation uses composite parameters which are of poorer quality than... 

Freeman, J.J., Federici, T., and McKee, R.H., Evaluation of the contribution of chronic skin irritation and selected compositional parameters to the tumorigenicity of petroleum middle distillates in mouse skin, Toxicol., 81, 103, 1993. 

The molar configurational entropy of a spinel can be expressed in terms of the composition parameter x as... 

Figure 9.11 (a) Configurational entropy of a spinel AB2O4 as a function of the composition parameter, x. (b) Degree of disorder, x, as a function of temperature for selected values of AdisH. 

Plotting ixbase VS. pH gives a sigmoidal curve, whose inflection point reflects the apparent base-pAi, which may be corrected for ionic strength, I, using Equation 6.11 in order to obtain the thermodynamic pATa value in the respective solvent composition. Parameters A and B are Debye-Hiickel parameters, which are functions of temperature (T) and dielectric constant (e) of the solvent medium. For the buffers used, z = 1 for all ions ao expresses the distance of closest approach of the ions, that is, the sum of their effective radii in solution (solvated radii). Examples of the plots are shown in Figure 6.12. 

Figure 6.2. Behavior of a quasi-monodisperse double emulsion as a function of the two composition parameters C/, and

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