Formulated Lube Oils

The principal valeraldehyde derivatives, -amyl and 2-methylbutyl alcohols, are used predominandy to make ziac diamyldithiophosphate lube oil additives (see Amyl alcohols Lubrication and lubricants), which are employed primarily in automotive antiwear appHcations. Similady, the / -valerate and 2-methylbutyrate esters of pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane are used ia aeromotive synlube formulations and as refrigerant lubricants. 

C,-C 8 Detergent Alcohols. The oxo alcohols in the C, to C, range are used primarily for surfactants which go into detergents. There are other diverse uses which comprise a small volume of the total market for these intermediates. These uses include herbicides, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, lube oil additives, and cosmetic formulations [33]. 

Petroleum Sulfonates Most of the surfactant formulations for EOR involve petroleum sulfonates. These petroleum sulfonates are prepared from selected refinery products. Among several refinery products, the furfural extract from solvent lube operations is considered an attactive feedstock for oil recovery sulfonates. Lube oil stocks are sulfonated to separate aromatic components. The petroleum sulfonate is in short supply due to the limited demand for lube oil stocks. 

Refiners produce base stocks or base oils and lube oil blenders produce finished oils or formulated products. See the American Petroleiun Institute s API-1509. 

Fluoroelastomers are increasingly in demand to meet California Air Resources Board (CARB) requirements by 2004, which limit evaporative hydrocarbon emissions. Dy-neon fluoroelastomers, with low permeation number in alcohols and reformulated gaso-hnes, are used in the fuel delivery system, fuel lines, vapor hnes, O-rings, and custom seals. Dyneon BRE base-resistant elastomers are formulated for resistance to amine additives in automatic transmission fluids (ATF), engine oils, and gear lube oils— in addition to properties in other Dyneon fluoroelastomers including high temperature and chemical resistance. ... 

The presence of polysulfonates in petroleum sulfonates used in lube formulations has a destabilizing effect on the formulation stabiUty and function of the sulfonate in motor oils, etc. Special techniques are utilized to help reduce the carryover of residual sludge components, including the use of hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane or heptane to faciUtate separation of sludge, often with centrihigation. Other desludging procedures include water wash, H2SO4 wash, clay percolation, and filtration. 

Jet Amine. [Jetco] Fatty amines or diamines emulsifier, corrositxi inhibitor, ore flotation agent dispersant mold release, additive for lube and fuel oils intermediate for quats, surfactants, agric. and detergent formulations. 

Waxes Waxes are an additional class of materials used to improve rubber ozone protection primarily under static conditions. Waxes used in elastomeric formulations fall into two categories microcrystalline and paraffin. Microcrystalline wax has a melting point in the range of 55-100 C and is extracted from residual heavy lube stock of refined petroleum. Paraffin wax has melting points in the range of 35-75°C and is obtained from the light lube distillate of crude oil. 

The preparation for bonding is different, whether one-part heat-curing adhesives or two-part formulations are used. In the case of one-part epoxy adhesives, the surface just needs to be cleaned from any contamination like dust. Oil is tolerated in an amount lower than about 3 g/m. Higher viscous oils like dry lubes are tolerated up to about 2 g/m. In case of applying two-part formulations, with the exception of acrylic-epoxy hybrids, oil and any other contamination need to be carefully removed. 

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