Forest soils

A second area of concern is reduced tree growth in forests. As acidic deposition moves through forest soil, the leaching process removes nutrients. If the soil base is thin or contains barely adequate amounts of nutrients to support a particular mix of species, the continued loss of a portion of the soil minerals may cause a reduction in future tree growth rates or a change in the types of trees able to survive in a given location. 

However, the fertilizing effect of nitrates (and sulfates) may be counterbalanced by the leaching of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and other nutrients from forest soils. There is little evidence that agricultural crops are being injured by exposures to nitrates in precipitation. The amount of nitrates in rainwater is almost always... 

Wald-, wood, forest, wild, -ahom, m. sycamore, -bau, n. silviculture, forestry, -baum, m. forest tree, -boden, m. forest soil. Walden sche Umkehmng. Walden inversion. Wald-gewachs, n. forest plant, -humus m. 

Boyer, D.E. Dell, J.D. Fire effects on Pacific Northwest forest soils USDA For. Serv. PNW Region Portland, OR., 1980 57 p. 

Huang JH, Matzner E (2004b) Degradation of organotin compounds in organic and minerai forest soils. Zeitschrift fur Pfianzenernahrung und Bodenkunde, 167(1) 33-38. 

Archaea belonging to the kingdom Crenarchaeota deserve attention. Although it has been assumed that these are extreme thermophiles, members of this group have been identified by molecular techniques in other habitats, for example, soils (Buckley et al. 1998), boreal forest soil (Jurgens et al. 1997), and in plant extracts (Simon et al. 2005). 

Jurgens G, K Lindstrbm, A Saano (1997) Novel group within the kingdom Crenararchaeota from boreal forest soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 803-805. 

Strains of Streptomyces isolated from a range of nrban, agricnltnral, and forest soils isolated on a standard medinm displayed resistance to antibiotics that were well established in clinical practice. Resistance was fonnd among all classes of antibiotics, and a distnrbing nnmber of isolates were resistant to between 5 and 10 of them (D Costa et al. 2006). 

The results of experiments with i C-labeled pyrene added to a pristine forest soil illustrated a number of important issues (Guthrie and Pfaender 1998) ... 

Degradation of contaminants may occur with bacteria that have been isolated from pristine environments without established exposure to the contaminants, and exhibit no dependence on substrate concentration. For example, organisms from a previously unexposed forest soil were able to degrade 2,4,6-trichlorophenol at concentrations up to 5000 ppm, and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that at concentrations up to 500 ppm, the bacterial community was unaltered (Sanchez et al. 2004). 

Sanchez MA, M Vasquez, B Gonzalez (2004) A previously unexposed forest soil microbial community degrades high levels of the pollutant 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Appl Environ Microbiol 70 7567-7570. 

Radajewski S, G Webster, DS Reay, SA Morris, P Ineson, DB Nedwell, 11 Prosser, JC Murrell (2002) Identification of active methylotroph populations in an acidic forest soil by stable-isotope probing. Microbiology (UK) 148 2331-2341. 

Elerrick GT, Friedland AJ. 1990. Patterns of trace metal concentrations and acidity in montane forest soils of the northeastern United States. Water Air Soil Pollut 53 151-157. 

Lee Y-H, Borg GCh, Iverfeldt A, Hultbeig H. 1994. Fluxes and turnover of methyhnercury mercury pools in forest soils. In Watras CJ, Fluckabee JW, editors. Mercury pollution, integration and synthesis. Boca Raton (FL) Lewis Pubhshers, CRC Press, Inc. 

Schwesig D, Ilgen G, Matzner E. 1999. Mercury and methylmercury in upland and wetland acid forest soils of a watershed in NE-Bavaria, Germany. Water Air Soil Pollut 113 141-154. 

Johansson K, Aastrup M, Andersson A, BringmarkL, Iverfeldt A. 1991. Mercury in Swedish forest soils and waters — assessment of critical load. Water Air Soil Pollut 56 267-281. 

An increase in the supply of fertilizer N can, in turn, result in an increase or decrease in below-ground C production, depending on the experimental conditions and plant species used. At high N rates, the decomposition of native. soil organic matter seemed lowered (conserving effect), as reflected by the decrease in the rate of respiration of unlabeled soil-C, both in crop (90) and forest soils (108,109). 

H.-O. Nohrstedt, K. Arnebrant, E. Baiith, and B. Soderstrom, Changes in carbon content, re.spiration rate, ATP content, and microbial biomass in nitrogen-fertilized pine forest soils in Sweden. Can. J. For. Res. 79 323 (1989). 

E. L. Nurmiaho-Lassila, S. Timonen, K. Haahtela, R. Sen, Bacterial colonization patterns of intact Pinus. syhe.siris mycorrhizospheres in dry pine forest soil an electron microscopy study. Can. J. Microbiol. 43 1017 (1997). 

Miller EK, Priedland AJ. 1994. Lead migration in forest soils Response to changing atmospheric inputs. Environ Sci Technol 28 662-669. 

On the basis of this comparison study, at present, it is still difficult to adopt a universal selective sequential dissolution procedure, which may be used everywhere and be suitable for all soils with diversified physical, chemical and mineralogical properties. The application of the SSD procedure must consider individual soil characteristics, such as soil type and properties. The two typical SSD procedures were developed to address soils formed in two climates. The Rehovot procedure was developed to be suitable for the calcareous soils in arid and semi-arid zone soils, whereas the Bonn procedure was created to primarily handle the acid and neutral soils in humid zones. In general, the Bonn procedure appears to be unsuited for calcareous soils in arid and semi-arid zones. The Rehovot procedure has limitations in handling acid and neutral soils, especially forest soils with higher content of organic matter. 

Banin A., Navrot J., Perl A. Thin-horizon sampling reveals highly localized concentrations of atmophile heavy metals in a forest soil. Sci Total Environ 1987 61 145-152. 

Pavaleyev T. Boron in chernozems and gray forest soils of northern Bulgaria. Sov Soil Sci 1958 9 1042-1048. 

Colinas C, Ingham E, Molina R (1994) Population responses of target and non-target forest soil-organisms to selected biocides. Soil Biol Biochem 26 41 17... 

Rasmussen C, Tom MS, Southard RJ (2005) Mineral assemblage and aggregates control carbon dynamics in a California conifer forest. Soil Sci Soc Am J 69 1711-1721... 

Nierop K (1998) Origin of aliphatic compounds in a forest soil. Org Geochem 29 1009-1016... 

Poirier N, Derenne S, Rouzaud J, Largeau C, Mariotti A, Balesdent J, Maquet J (2000) Chemical structure and sources of the macromolecular, resistant, organic fraction isolated from a forest soil (Lacadee, south-west France). Org Geochem 31 813-827... 

---