Foreign scientists

Acknowledgment. The manuscript of this contribution had been written while the author was residing at the Department of Chemistry, North Dakota State University as a National Science Foundation Senior Foreign Scientist Fellow. The author would like to thank Professor J. M. Sugihara, Professor S. P. Pappas and the staff of the Department of Chemistry, N. D. S. U. for having given him this opportunity and warm hospitality. His thanks are due in particular to Professor S. P. Pappas who kindly took the trouble to read the manuscript. It is also a pleasure to thank Dr. A. Toyota for his kind cooperation in preparing the manuscript. 

Not only is Tsukuba Science City in a liminal institutional position in Japan, but it also brings together Japanese and foreign scientists and even Japanese scientists who have found themselves shunned by broader Japanese society for having been abroad working in foreign universities for many years. 

Significantly later, foreign scientists reached a similar conclusion regarding the Freundlich isotherm. In the USSR, a theory of adsorption on an inhomogeneous surface was developed independently by M. I. Temkin of the Karpov Physico-Chemical Institute in connection with electrochemical research by Academician A. N. Frumkin. M. I. Temkin s work on a logarithmic isotherm was cited in [74] and published in [75]. The theory of adsorption and catalysis on an inhomogeneous surface was especially extensively developed by S. Z. Roginskii. 

Ya. B. Zeldovich s papers, as always, attract the close attention of Soviet and foreign scientists. 

This book is a result of the first symposium on the Maillard reaction held in this country (the second in the world2). Panel discussions with audience participation were held on the subjects of food and nutritional benefits of Maillard reaction products and the toxicology of Maillard reaction products but are not reported here. Interaction between participants during this meeting helped cement relations for continued help and perhaps will promote some new areas for cooperative research between American and foreign scientists. This symposium was also an important element in the training of graduate students it provided them with increased awareness of the breadth of the scientific field. We hope that it is true of each of you ... 

We are working on atomic and molecular data and their application with the collaboration of Japanese scientists as well as foreign scientists in the Data and Planning Center (DPC) of the National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS). We organize working groups to compile atomic data and to apply atomic data in plasmas. The atomic numerical databases in NIFS can be used through the World Wide Web. They are explained in this paper. The domestic and international collaboration in our center are described. 

The symposium upon which this book is based was intended to provide participants with an overview on flavor isolation as well as a description of new advances in the enzymatic, fermentative, and molecular biological approaches to the generation of aromatic chemicals. Interaction between participants during the meeting helped spark numerous discussions and deepen friendships (new and old) between American and foreign scientists. We were pleased to be able to provide a number of graduate students the opportunity to make presentations before an international audience. 

Although Henry in his position as Director of Research could have ignored this problem, he was in fact, one of the more enthusiastic members of the rescue brigade. More than one distinguished foreign scientist stood on the sidelines and thought his... 

The present proceedings volume contains material which should be of interest to a large number of synthetic organic chemists, phytochemists and biochemists. The first few chapters are concerned with the use of modern spectroscopic techniques in natural products chemistry. These are followed by articles on stereoselective synthesis, biosynthesis and structure elucidation of natural products. In view of space restrictions, we have had to shorten the presentations by Pakistani scientists in this volume in order to include the articles from foreign scientists. 

Russian and foreign scientists remarkably succeeded in both areas of creation of new inflammable, heat- and thermal resistant polycondensation polymers and areas of development of methods of performing polycondensation and studying of the mechanism of reactions grounding the poly condensation processes [1-6],... 

The manifold methods of synthesizing polyarylenesterketones have been devised by Russian and foreign scientists within the last 20 years. 

Russian and foreign scientists work on synthesis of copolymers [382-393] and block copolymers [394-399] of aromatic polyketones. 

We express our appreciation to the International Science Foundation, the Petroleum Research Fund, the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, Inc., the Hoechst Celanese Research Company, and the Edison Polymer Iimovation Corporation for providing financial support for travel for a number of foreign scientists. 

The international character of the journal is clear papers were contributed from authors in eleven different countries. An important and perhaps political exception was France the country was represented on the editorial board by two chemists (M. Berthelot and A. Ditte), but no papers were submitted by French researchers. It is dso clear that Gerhard Kruss was able to facilitate foreign scientists access to a German journal by providing contributors with a translation service. Authors from four out of the eleven countries made use of this service, the translations being made by Kriiss himself and a few other German researchers, also contributors to the Zeitschrift. 

Wollaston never admitted even his friends to his laboratory. When a foreign scientist called on him and asked to see this, Wollaston merely showed him a tea-tray containing a blowpipe, some platinum foil, a few watch-glasses and some test-tubes. He was able to work with small and simple apparatus. Soon after a great voltaic battery had been constructed by Children, the Secretary... 

With the growth of Naziism, Dr. Mark left I. G. Farben in 1932 and accepted the position as Director of the First Chemical Institute of the University of Vienna. It was here in his native Vienna that Herman Mark built an unusual Institute devoted to the study of polymers. He trained many illustrious Austrian and foreign scientists there and developed with E. Guth one of the first important theories on rubber elasticity. Of course, the laboratories were also continuously concerned with the structural analysis of macromolecules. 

From the initiative of the director of Polarographic Institute, professor A. A. Vlcek (1927-1999) (Fig. 3.1.9), a regular international electrochemical forum called Heyrovsky Discussion was fotmded in 1967, to which foreign scientists both from East and West were being invited. Every year a different topic was selected the first discussion in 1967 was about adsorption on electrodes and its effect on electrode processes, the next one in 1968 was about adsorption and processes on catalytic electrodes, and in 1969 it was about the mechanism of redox reaction proper (cf. Sect. 3.2). 

Throughout his life, Frumkin made lasting friendships with colleagues from overseas. Initial encounters with foreign scientists occurred in 1912-1914. However, more substantial contacts were established in 1924, when Frumkin made a lecture tour of Austria and Germany. He also visited the University of Leiden (The Netherlands). Then, in 1928/1929, he spent a year on sabbatical at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. This not only allowed him to meet many well-known American scientists but also allowed him to visit Berlin on his way home. 

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