History force

Giulio Douhet, The Command of the Air (Washington Office of the Air Force History, 1983), p.ix John Buckley, Air Power in the Age of Total War (London UCL Press, 1999), pp.74-8 Malcolm Smith, British Air Strategy between the Wars (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1984), pp. 53—75. 

Because of the success with SEM-EDS, the Division of Armed Forces History at the National Museum of American History supplied some actual, deteriorated, accessioned museum material for examination by light mi-... 

The degradation of the composite laminates can be modelled as simple strength criteria for fibres or matrix, before delamination occurs. Eigure 9.19 shows the test force history for a 200 x 200 mm plate and the various numerical EE (77) predictions (Davies et al. [42]), The hnear elastic case does get the time of the event but underestimates the peak force by a factor of 3. The damaged EE prediction overestimates the force but does get the departure from the linear solution correctly. The fuUy degraded solution (with much fibre failure) does match the experimental history. Delamination was confined to one interface near the mid-plane as the C-scan image indicates. 

Figure 9.19 Impact force histories as predicted by various numerical models.

Press, 1972) W. A. Buckingham, Operation Ranch Hand The Air Force and Herbicides in Soudieast Asia 1961—1971 (Washington DC Office of Air Force History, 1982). 

Levis, Alexander H., ed. The Limitless Sky Air Force Science and Technology Contributions to the Nation. Washington, D.G. Air Force History and Museums Program, 2004. Essay collection describing several significant projects in which technological develop)-ments led to significant improvements in Air Force readiness and capability. 

The United States establishment in Australia had been set up to provide air and logistical support for the Philippines and for the forces operating in the Netherlands East Indies. After Japanese seizure of the Netherlands East Indies and after it proved to be impossible to support the Philippines, Fast East Air Force was inactivated and the conception of the American command in Australia as predominantly an air command was abandoned. The air command, subsequently designated Fifth Air Force, became an important element of the Allied land, naval, and air forces. History, USASOS, vol. I. 

Fig. 11.5. Measured and nondimensional force history for a square column. ...

We have 1(T) = v(T) = 0, where T is the duration of the landslide. This condition imposes a constraint on the derivation of the force history F(t). Kanamori and Given (1982) found that the data of the Mount St. Helens eruption can be fitted by a sinusoidal F(t) with a period of 240 s. 

Ekstrom and Stark (2013) applied the detection and location method developed for the glacial earthquakes to known large landslides or areas where a potential for giant landslides can be assumed. The landslide force history F(t) was... 

Seismic Sources from Landslides and Glaciers, Fig. 6 Hvmza-Attabad landslide 04 January 2010 (Modified after Ekstrom and Stark 2013) (a) obsaved and synthetic traces (b) landslide force history (c) source (red outline) and deposition area (blue) of the landslide ... 

The half-period TO/2 of the rotational slider block is the duration of the slide or the landslide force history T. We introduce a calibration factor k < 1 (Eq. 11) to account for the observation of the landslide force history E(t) not starting and ending with the extreme value predicted by the slider block model. 

Related to landslide-generated global earthquakes, additional information from satellite images or local recoimaissance helps to separate CSF into mass and total displacement. The inclination of the CSF vector corresponds to the Fahrbdschung the duration of the landslide force history constrains the sliding velocity. Application of a rotational slider block model allows, e.g., for estimates of the reduction of the friction coefficient from static to dynamic conditions. 

The idea that unsymmetrical molecules will orient at an interface is now so well accepted that it hardly needs to be argued, but it is of interest to outline some of the history of the concept. Hardy [74] and Harkins [75] devoted a good deal of attention to the idea of force fields around molecules, more or less intense depending on the polarity and specific details of the structure. Orientation was treated in terms of a principle of least abrupt change in force fields, that is, that molecules should be oriented at an interface so as to provide the most gradual transition from one phase to the other. If we read interaction energy instead of force field, the principle could be reworded on the very reasonable basis that molecules will be oriented so that their mutual interaction energy will be a maximum. 

This subject has a long history and important early papers include those by Deijaguin and Landau [29] (see Ref. 30) and Langmuir [31]. As noted by Langmuir in 1938, the total force acting on the planes can be regarded as the sum of a contribution from osmotic pressure, since the ion concentrations differ from those in the bulk, and a force due to the electric field. The total force must be constant across the gap and since the field, d /jdx is zero at the midpoint, the total force is given the net osmotic pressure at this point. If the solution is dilute, then... 

A solid, by definition, is a portion of matter that is rigid and resists stress. Although the surface of a solid must, in principle, be characterized by surface free energy, it is evident that the usual methods of capillarity are not very useful since they depend on measurements of equilibrium surface properties given by Laplace s equation (Eq. II-7). Since a solid deforms in an elastic manner, its shape will be determined more by its past history than by surface tension forces. 

The work term IF is restricted to the mechanical work deflvered to the outside via normal and shear forces acting on the boundary. Electrochemical work, ie, by electrolysis of the fluid, is excluded. Evaluation of the integral requires knowledge of the equation of state and the thermodynamic history of the fluid... 

Polymer Composition. The piopeities of foamed plastics aie influenced both by the foam stmctuie and, to a gieatei extent, by the piopeities of the parent polymer. The polymer phase description must include the additives present in that phase as well. The condition or state of the polymer phase (orientation, crystallinity, previous thermal history), as well as its chemical composition, determines the properties of that phase. The polymer state and cell geometry are intimately related because they are determined by common forces exerted during the expansion and stabilization of the foam. 

Perhaps the most notable aspect of the history of the API operation is that it has been shaped at every step by those who use the system. Created by information speciaHsts within the petroleum iadustry, it has beea governed by a technical information committee made up of company representatives, and guided by a series of iadustry task forces, which have modified as aeeded the indexing thesaums, subject selectioa guideliaes, and selection rules for countries ia pateat coverage, journals, and other sources ia the aoapateatHterature. 

The U.S. price history for merchant ethylene oxide sales is shown in Figure 4. It can be seen that ethylene oxide pricing generally reflects the cost of ethylene and, of course, supply/demand forces. In the late 1980s, several U.S. producers announced their withdrawal from the merchant ethylene oxide market. 

If a motion is specified with satisfies the continuity condition, the velocity, strain, and density at each material particle are determined at each time t throughout the motion. Given the constitutive functions (e, k), c(e, k), b( , k), and a s,k) with suitable initial conditions, the constitutive equations (5.1), (5.4), and (5.11) may be integrated along the strain history of each material particle to determine its stress history. If the density, velocity, and stress histories are substituted into (5.32), the history of the body force at each particle may be calculated, which is required to sustain the motion. Any such motion is termed an admissible motion, although all admissible motions may not be attainable in practice. 

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