Solids deformation

A solid, by definition, is a portion of matter that is rigid and resists stress. Although the surface of a solid must, in principle, be characterized by surface free energy, it is evident that the usual methods of capillarity are not very useful since they depend on measurements of equilibrium surface properties given by Laplace s equation (Eq. II-7). Since a solid deforms in an elastic manner, its shape will be determined more by its past history than by surface tension forces. 

The complexity of the typical solid deformation response can be further compounded by the presence of one or more polymorphic phase transformations, and a host of other phenomena typical of solids. Table 1.1 lists a number of such phenomena. 

When a shearing stress is imposed on a solid, deformation occurs, until a point is reached when the internal stresses produced balance the shearing stresses. Provided the elastic limit for the material is not exceeded the solid will return to its original shape when the load is removed. 

Nanometric Solid Deformation of Soft Materials in Capillary Phenomena... 

In this chapter, we will review the consequences of solid deformation in the kinetics of the spreading of a liquid on a soft material, in both wetting and dewetting modes. The influence of solid deformation induced by the liquid surface tension will be shown in the case of a liquid drop placed on a soft elastomeric substrate and in the case of an unstable liquid layer dewetting on a soft rubber. The impact of solid deformation on the kinetics of the wetting or dewetting of a liquid will be analyzed theoretically and illustrated by a few concrete examples. The consequences of solid deformation in capillary flow will be also analyzed. 

Laplace s pressure produces the capillary rise inside a small tube. We propose to examine now the consequences of the solid deformation in capillary flow. 

Figure 3.2 Response to elastic deformation of a solid a) material element without an applied force, and b) solid deformation and the elastic response to an applied force...

Elastic strains due to the applied stresses are usually less than 1 %. Although the structure of the crystal is distorted, the atomic positions and unit cells are still well defined. If larger strains occur, the solid deforms plastically or transforms to another crystal structure. 

Therein, D-1 is the positive definite, isotropic, fourth order viscous compliance, where r/ s and (s are the macroscopic viscosity parameters, D, , is the inelastic solid deformation rate and = F, 1 rfEQ F 71 is the corresponding non-equilibrium stress tensor. Furthermore, the superscript ( ) indicates the belonging to the intermediate configuration. 

Polymer processing operations, by and large, are nonisothermal. Plastics pellets are compacted and heated to the melting point by interparticle friction, solid deformation... 

When solids deform almost to the breaking point, they exhibit brittle behavior the stress at fracture is several orders of magnitude lower than the computed strength. The loss is ascribed to the presence of minute cracks probably formed during solidification. Compressive stress can induce crack propagation the magnitude of the stress at... 

MATHEMATICS APPLIED TO CONTINUUM MECHANICS. Lee A. Segel. Analyzes models of fluid flow and solid deformation. For upper-level math, science and engineering students. 608pp. 5X x 8X. 65369-2 Pa. 12.95... 

Because a Hookean solid deforms instantaneously, the imposed strain has a time-dependent profile similar to that of the stress. For relatively small strains, shear normal stresses and the type of deformation (e.g., linear or shear) will not be important. Further, the extensional and the shear relaxation moduli are related as ... 

A fluid, that is, a liquid or a gas, is a substance that undergoes continuous deformation under the action of an applied shear force or stress. In other words, when a fluid is subjected to shear, it flows. On the other hand, a solid deforms under the action of an applied shear force and retains its original shape upon the cessation of the applied shear force (J). 

---