Force effect

When the resistance opposing fluid flow is small, gravity force effects fluid transport through a porous filter medium. Such a device is simply called a gravity filter. 

Ozone is a highly reactive molecule composed of three atoms of oxygen. Ozone concentrations vary by geographical location and by altitude. In addition, ozone exerts a different climate-forcing effect, depending upon altitude. 

Discussions on Rarefaction and Surface Force Effects on Head-Disk Gas Lubrication... 

Zhang, B. and Nakajima, A., "Possibility of Surface Force Effect in Slider Air Bearings of 100 Gbit/in. Hard Disks, Tribal Int., Vol. 36,2003, pp. 291-296. 

The definition of "concepts" must be accompanied by explicit recipes for computing them is actual cases. There is no more space in theoretical chemistty for "driving forces", "effects, etc. not accompanied by specific rules for their quantification. The impact of a new "concept will be greater if the rules of quantifications are not restricted to ad hoc methods, but related to methods of general use in molecular quantum mechanics. A concept based exclusively on some specific features of a given method, e g. the extended Hiickel method, is less robust than a concurrent concept which may be quantified also using other levels of the theory. 

The force effect is applicable to investigation of the mechanical properties of nanomaterials [28, 29]. We measured TERS spectra of a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundle with a metallic tip pressing a SWCNT bundle [28]. Figure 2.13a-e show the Raman spectra of the bundle measured in situ while gradually applying a force up to 2.4 nN by the silver-coated AFM tip. Raman peaks of the radial breathing... 

These observations imply that both fluid-mechanical effects and surface-force effects control the particle release. 

Inter- and intramolecular force effects. These effects result either from the interactions between the substituent and its immediate surroundings such as the medium, a surface or a receptor site, or from the effect of the substituent on the interactions of the skeletal group G and the active site Y with their surroundings. 

If image force effects are taken into account (Marcus version ),... 

Similar derivations apply for the electrochemical case when taking the image force effect into account. More precisely, in the expression of the potential at the surface of the A sphere, the contribution of the electrical image of A (which bears an opposite charge and which center is located at a distance d, from the center of A) has to be taken into account. 

In the following sections, we shall explore the applicability of such relationships to experimental data for some simple outer-sphere reactions involving transition-metal complexes. In keeping with the distinction between intrinsic and thermodynamic barriers [eq 7], exchange reactions will be considered first, followed by a comparison of driving force effects for related electrochemical and homogeneous reactions. 

The prediction corresponding to eq 16 for driving force effects upon homogenous kinetics is (21)... 

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhonse gas with a radiative forcing effect 310 times that of CO2 and a lifetime in the troposphere of approximately 120 years. Part of the N2O is converted to NO in the stratosphere, and so contributes to depletion of ozone. Nitric oxide (NO) is very reactive in the atmosphere and has a lifetime of only 1-10 days. It contribntes to acidification and to reactions leading to the formation of ozone in the troposphere, and so also to global warming. 

The following are recent reviews dealing with this ATP-dependent motor protein that is responsible for vesicle locomotion along microtubules in eukaryotes. See Force Effects on Molecular Motors... 

When appropriately arranged in the context of the thick and thin filaments of the myofibril, repeated cycles of reaction steps 1-6 result in contraction. Other forms of myosin are responsible for contractile steps that are associated with the crawling of nonmuscle cells. See also Force Effects on Molecular Motors... 

STEREOCHEMICAL TERMINOLOGY, lUPAC RECOMMENDATIONS OPTICAL ROTATION OPTICAL TWEEZERS FORCE EFFECTS ON MOLECULAR MOTORS OPTICAL YIELD... 

Structural effects are of three types Electrical effects, steric effects and intermolecular force effects. Each of these types can be subdivided into various contributions. 

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