Force effects, field-generated

Table VI summarizes observed manifestations of field-generated forces- The field effects may manifest themselves as an orientation of particles in the direction of the field or perpendicular to it or, "pearl chain" formation, i.e., the alignment of particles in the field direction may occur. This has long been considered a mysterious demonstration of microwave induced biological effects. Deformation or destruction of cells can be achieved with fields. The movement of cells in inhomogeneous electrical fields can be affected.

ER already quoted in Table IV. The dashed curves establish threshold particle relationships somewhat similar to those resulting from a consideration of field-generated forces. Hence, it may at times be difficult to separate biological effects due to field-generated forces from those due to induced high membrane potentials. 

H. Huang, M. Manciu, E. Ruckenstein The effect of surface dipoles and of the field generated by a polarization gradient on the repulsive force, JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE 263 (2003) 156-161. 

The presence of dispersed fillers in the polymer material in low amounts may intensify electrization, increase the residual charge and change the friction coefficient. Introduction of the filler in the electret state exerts a still stronger effect on polymer electrization on frictional interaction with metals. Depending on the direction of the field intensity vector formed by the filler particles, the field generated by triboelectrization can be attenuated or intensified. This means that the principle of the electret-triboelectrization superposition is realized [49], which can be used to regulate the parameters of frictional interactions. Thus, by the introduction of the electret filler, e.g. mechanically activated F-3 powder, it is possible to decrease the friction force (Fig. 4.9). 

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