Foods: Apple juice

For infants six to twelve months of age, commercial baby food is the dominant source of unsafe levels of OP insecticides. OPs in baby food, apple juice, pears, apple sauce, and peaches expose about 77,000 infants each day to unsafe levels of OP insecticides. 

Oral liquid concentrates are available for use in patients who can more easily swallow a liquid. These concentrates are light sensitive and dispensed in amber or opaque bottles to help protect the concentrate from light. They are administered mixed in liquids such as fruit juices, tomato juice, milk, or carbonated beverages. Semisolid foods, such as soups or puddingy, may also be used. Perphenazine (Trilafon) concentrate should not be mixed with beverages containing caffeine (coffee, cola), tea, or apple juice because of the risk of incompatibility. 

Parameter Witloof chicory Baby food carrot juice Baby food apple/banana Baby food spinach... 

Zepka, L. Q. and A. Z. Mercadante. 2009. Degradation compounds of carotenoids formed during heating of a simulated cashew apple juice. Food Chem. 117 28-34. 

Zepka, L. Q., C. D. Borsarelli, M. A. A. R da Silva et al. 2009. Thermal degradation kinetics of carotenoids in a cashew apple juice model and its impact on the system color. J. Agric. Food Chem. in press, doi 10. 1021/jf900558a. 

Spanos GA, Worlstad RE and Heatherbell DA. 1990. Influence of processing and storage on the phenolic composition of apple juice. J Agric Food Chem 38 1572—1579. 

Chalcones and dihydrochalcones have been reported in a restricted number of foods (Robards and others 1999 Tomas-Barbcran and Clifford 2000). Chalconaringenin occurs in tomato skin, but the acid extraction conditions of the usual polyphenol analyses convert the chalcone to the corresponding flavanone (naringenin) in the tomato. The most common dihydrochalcones found in foods are phloretin glucoside (phloridzin) and phloretin xylogalactoside, which are characteristic of apples (see Table 2.2) and derived products such as apple juice, cider, and pomace (Robards and others 1999 Tomas-Barbcran and Clifford 2000). 

Ozoglu H and Bayindirli A. 2004. Inhibition of enzymatic browning in cloudy apple juice with selected antibrowning agents. Food Control 13 213-221. 

Beveridge T. 1997. Haze and cloud in apple juices. Crit Kev Food Sci Nutr 37 75-91. 

G. Del Campo, J.I. Santos, N. Iturriza, I. Berregi, and A. Munduate, Use of the H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra signals from polyphenols and acids for chemometric characterization of cider apple juices, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 3095-3100 (2006). 

Oral powder- The oral powder may be mixed with a small amount of water, milk, formula, soy formula, soy milk, or dietary supplement once mixed, the entire contents must be consumed in order to obtain the full dose. Acidic food or juice (eg, orange juice, apple juice, or apple sauce) are not recommended because of bitter taste. Do not reconstitute with water in its original container. Once mixed, store the oral powder for no more than 6 hours. May be refrigerated for up to 6 hours. 

Wu, L. C. and Siebert, K. J. (2002). Characterization of haze-active proteins in apple juice. ]. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 3828-3834. 

PO/d adjust by 5-10 mg/kg q3-6mo based on monthly ferritin 30 mg/kg/d max on empty stomach 30 min before food hold dose if ferritin <500 mcg/L, dissolve in water, orange, apple juice (<1 g/3.5 oz >1 g in 7 oz) drink immediately resuspend residue and swallow do not chew, swallow whole tabs or take w/ Al-contain-ing antacids Caution [B, /-] Disp Tabs SE N/V/D, abd pain, skin rash, HA, fever, cough, Infxn, hearing loss, dizziness, cataracts, retinal disorders, T lOP, lens opacities, dizziness Notes ARF, peripheral cytopenia possible EMS Pt has an T serum iron level, S/Sxs of high iron include V and bloody D, massive fluid and blood loss into the GI system which can lead to shock /or renal failure OD May cause N/D symptomatic and supportive... 

Valles, B.S. et al., High-performance liquid chromatography of the neutral phenolic compounds of low molecular weight in apple juice, J. Agric. Food Chem., 42, 2732, 1994. 

Johnston, K.L., Clifford, M.N., and Morgan, L.M., Possible role for apple juice phenolic com-pormds in the acute modification of glucose tolerance and gastrointestinal hormone secretion in humans, J. Sci. Food Agric., 82, 1800, 2002. 

Hydrogen peroxide is used in the food industry due to its bactericidal action67, l94,195 it was proposed as the bleaching agent of choice for apple pomace produced in apple juice and cider manufacture196. 

Urinary excretion of quercetin increased significantly with dose and time after the consumption of fruit juice (blackcurrant and apple juice in a 1 1 mixture) in humans [75]. Ranges from 0.29-0.47% of ingested quercetin were found in the urine. The presence of quercetin in urine shows that it was absorbed by the gut, but the urinary content does not necessarily reflect absolute absorptive efficiency because absorbed quercetin may be metabolized (conjugated), stored and excreted through other routes such as the biliary tract. However, since quercetin is present in a variety of fruit and vegetables, plasma concentrations or urinary excretion of quercetin may potentially be useful as biomarkers of habitual intake of these foods. 

Patulin-producing strains are widespread as contaminants in food. Patulin has been found in mouldy bread, fermented sausage, commercial apple juice and animal food. The compound inhibits the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria however, it cannot be used as an antibiotic, for its has been shown that patulin is very toxic and teratogenic. The molecular basis for the toxicity is still unknown. 

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