Focus and scope

The framework for data collection, as depicted in Figure 2.1, lays down the focus and scope of this study. The regulation of human pharmaceuticals, as addressed in this study, has four dimensions administrative elements, regulatory functions, technical elements and level of regulation. As well as capturing the various dimensions of dmg regulation, this framework allows for comparison of dmg regulation between countries. 

I euristic Redefinition is a visual approach for focusing and scoping an innovation project at the right level in a system. For example, if you re trying to make a more fuel-efficient vehicle, you would visually identify all the elements in the total system that affect fuel efficiency, not just the elements that impact a vehicle s engine. 

The first step in the procedure is to define the purpose, objectives, and scope of the study. The more precisely this is done, the more focused and relevant the committee discussions can be. The next step is to collect all relevant information on the process under consideration. This includes flow diagrams, process equipment specifications, nominal flows, etc. The procedure is highly dependent on the reflabiUty of this information. Efforts expended here are worthwhile. Many committees use the flow sheet as the central stmcture to organize thek discussions. 

In this chapter, we focus on recent and emerging technologies that either are or soon will be applied commercially. Older technologies are discussed to provide historic perspective. Brief discussions of potential future technologies are provided to indicate current development directions. The chapter substantially extends an earlier publication (Davis et al., 1996a) and is divided into seven main sections beyond the introduction Data Analysis, Input Analysis, Input-Output Analysis, Data Interpretation, Symbolic-Symbolic Interpretation, Managing Scale and Scope of Large-Scale Process Operations, and Comprehensive Examples. 

It seemed from these interviews that there was little scope for the assertion, or resolution, of more individually focused (and less welcome) responses. This was reflected in the interview process itself since it was the rarely the case that parents, or indeed siblings, had considered the broader impacts of having a brother or sister using drugs ... 

However, a November 15-23, 1999, preapproval FDA inspection of BioPort s manufacturing renovations, which was more focused in scope and purpose than the 1998 surveillance inspections, resulted in BioPort receiving a FDA form 483 report with observations and possible deviations in some of the following areas validation, failure... 

Depending on the aim of the study, appropriate life-cycle methods and scope have to be chosen [27]. Most of the methods either consider all stages of the ENM or nanoproduct life-cycle, or focus only on specific parts of the life-cycle. For example, some methods focus only on the environmental health effects of ENMs, whereas life-cycle assessment (LCA) focuses on all environmental impacts of a nanoproduct, and thus also includes considerations such as impacts of energy consumption. LCA is essentially a comprehensive tool for environmental sustainability assessment. 

Prior to a site visit, assess the vendor remotely through product literature and submission of a preaudit questionnaire. When a vendor site audit becomes necessary, plan the audit s scope and focus and identify the audit team. Audit team members should include user group lead, information services groups (IT/IS/MIS), compliance, purchasing, and validation personnel. 

A further dimension of interest in the present volume that extends the study beyond a personal perspective lies in the geographical reach and scope of the material considered. A partial focus of this volume will be on emerging studies of tourist behaviour in Asia but these additional contributions will be viewed against a backdrop of several decades of work conducted predominantly in North America, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Some insights from European scholars will also be considered in select chapters. 

In addition to the sensors and final control elements, these optimizers are provided with software algorithms to interpret the measurements and to arrive at the optimum responses to them. The traditional algorithms used solar detectors for establishing the angles and direction of the solar radiation and for arriving at the optimum mirror positions for the most efficient focusing and concentration. I have also developed more advanced (shadow-based algorithm) techniques, the details of which are beyond the scope of this book. 

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