Fluoroalkyl-acrylate polymer

The lower energy fluorocarbon polymers have been studied because of their excellent compatibility with oxidizers and fuels and their high density. The Hughes Tool Co. developed the fluoroalkyl-acrylate polymer by preparing binders through the following route. 

Several polymer and random copolymers of fluoroalkyl acrylates have been studied,76 including (1) Poly-1,1-dihydroperfluoroheptylacrylate (PFHA), (2) copolymer of 1,1-dihydroperfluoroheptylacrylate (PFHA) with acrylic acid (PFHA-AA, 1 1), and (3) copolymer of the monoester of 1,1-dihydroperfluor-oheptyl alcohol and maleic acid (PFHM) with vinyl acetate (PFHM-VA, 1 1). The average degree of polymerization was found to be about ten for all the polymers tested. The tendency of polymers to form well-ordered two-dimensional structures on the water surface was demonstrated. Polymers were deposited as... 

The next sequence calls for the coating of a thin layer of a hydrophiUc polymer from an appropriate solvent on top of the photoresist. The polymeric HOL must have a lower glass transition temperature (7g) than the photoresist polymer it must be able to diffuse into the photoresist polymer on baking and it must be phase compatible with the photoresist polymer. Suitable hydrophilic polymers include, but are not limited to, polymers and copolymers of fluoroalkyl methacrylic acid, fluoroalkyl acrylic acid, etc. Surfactants may be used to improve the wettability of the HOL over the resist polymer layer. 

POLYMERS DERIVED FROM FLUOROKETONES. II. WETTING PROPERTIES OF FLUOROALKYL ACRYLATES AND METHACRYLATES. 

The characteristics of fluoropolymers are summarized in Table 1. Thermal and chemical resistance is in general with most of plastics, elastomers and perfluorinated membranes. Weather resistance with the outdoor durability for more than 20 years is specific for fluorinated paint resins. Surface properties such as water and oil repellency are provided by acrylic polymer-based textile finishes and coatings with long-chain per-fluoroalkyl groups. Electrical properties as well as a low refractive index are important for optoelectronics applications like optical fibers. 

Fluorinated surfactant oligomers have been patented [62] as hair-conditioning agents. Fluoroalkyl (meth)acrylate polymers [63] also are useful in hair care formulations. 

Fluorinated surfactants and polymers may have a therapeutic effect of their own. Sawada et al. [180-182] have prepared fluoroalkylated anionic [180,181] and cationic poly soaps [182], The fluoroalkylated acrylic acid co-oligomers containing dimethylsilicone segments [180] and fluoroalkylated 2-(methacry-loxy)ethanesulfonic acid oligomers [181] were found to function as inhibitors of HIV-1 virus replication. A fluoroalkylated 4-vinylpyridinium chloride-acrylic acid cooligomer exhibited both virus-inhibiting and antibacterial activities [182]. 

Pittman and co-workers [105,117] reacted hexafluoroacetone with nucleophilic agents such as alkoxide, cyanide, and an alkali-metal fluoride to prepare fluoroalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, which were polymerized to repellent polymers. The reaction scheme produces esters with a perfluoroisopropyl group for example [118]... 

Dendrons attached as side chains on linear polymer chains behave different from free dendrimers and dendrons. Block copolymers, poly(3,5-bis(3,5-bis (benzyloxy)benzyloxy)-benzyl methacrylate-random-methacrylic acid)-block-poly(2-perfluorooctylethyl acrylate), possess poly(benzylether) dendrons and perfluorinated alkyl chains in their side chains (Fig. 4) [85], While an LB film of a copolymer with a medium substitution fraction of poly(benzylether) dendron side chain in poly(methacrylic acid) displays flat surface, a copolymer with high fraction of poly(benzylether) dendron side chains produces the zone texture. Dendron rich blocks are hydrophobic and oleophilic but perfluorinated blocks are solvophobic. Therefore, in this case, the solvophobicity-to-solvophilicity balance must be considered. As a result, copolymers with medium fraction of dendron are laid on solid substrate, but dendron blocks of copolymers with high fraction prefer to arrange at air side of air/ water interface and the fluorocarbon blocks are enforced to exist close to water subphase, resulting in the zone texture [86]. These situations of molecular arrangements at air/water interface are kept even after transfer on solid substrate. By contrast, when perfluorooctadecanoic acids are mixed with block copolymers with high dendron fraction, the flat monolayers are visualized as terrace [87], The monolayers are hierarchized into carboxyl, per-fluoroalkyl, and dendron layers, that is, hydrophilic, solvophobic, and oleophilic layers. In this case, perfluorooctadecanoic acids play a role for ordering of block copolymers. 

Due to good optical and rheological characteristics, homopolymers of fluorine-containing methacrylates and their copolymers with other methacrylates are more often used in fibre-optic practice [2, 20-24, 26-34]. But selection of a polymer with the best optical and mechanical properties requires establishment of the dependence of the structure and properties of the polymers on the structure and reactivity of initial monomers. To solve this problem the study of the kinetics of block polymerisation and copolymerisation process of fluoroalkyl-(meth)acrylates is desirable. 

Hence, conformation properties of fluoroalkylmethacrylates molecules define their specific behaviour in the condensed state. Large dipole moment of n-fluoroalkyl methacrylates molecules, as well as their affinity to associate in the condensed state are apparently, the determining factors in growth of polymerisation rate constants of these polymers comparing with alkyl acrylates analogous by structure [56, 57]. 

Polyaniline (PAn)/inorganic composites have been considered as new class of materials due to their improved properties compared with those of pure conducting polymers and inorganic materials [73-77]. For example, the combination of electrical conductivity of PAn and UV sensitivity of anatase Ti02 are expected to find applications in electrochromic devices, nonlinear optical system, and photochemical devises [73], From this point of view, it is in particular interest to prepare fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomers/PAn/titanium oxide nanocomposites. In fact, fluoroalkyl end-capped acrylic acid oligomer [Rp—(ACA) —Rp]/, 2-methacryloyloxyethane sulfonic acid oligomer [Rp—(MES) —Rp]/, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid... 

Most fluorinated soil retardants are vinyl polymers, urethanes, or oligomers derived from pyromellitates. Numerous fluorinated soil retardants have been disclosed in the patent literature, but only some examples can be given here (Table 13.2). Usually a vinyl polymer consists of (1) a fluoroalkyl group containing monomer [e.g., 2-(perfluorononyl)ethyl acrylate, the methacrylate CH=C(CH3) COOCH2CH2C F2 +i, or CH=C(CH3) C00CH2CH2(CH3) S02(CF2)8F], (2) a nonfluorinated alkyl acrylate or methacrylate (e.g., butyl or stearyl acrylate or methacrylate), and (3) a cross-linkable monomer for durability (e.g. A methylo-... 

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