Fluoroalkyl acrylate

Fluoroalkyl Acrylates—Alethacrylates—Itaconates—AIesoconates. Fluoroalkyl acrylates have been copolymerized with alkyl acrylates... 

De Simone et al. synthesized poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate)-based block copolymers for use as lipophilic/C02-philic surfactants for carbon dioxide applications [181]. The particle diameter and distribution of sizes during dispersion polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide were shown to be dependent on the nature of the stabilizing block copolymer [182]. 

Several polymer and random copolymers of fluoroalkyl acrylates have been studied,76 including (1) Poly-1,1-dihydroperfluoroheptylacrylate (PFHA), (2) copolymer of 1,1-dihydroperfluoroheptylacrylate (PFHA) with acrylic acid (PFHA-AA, 1 1), and (3) copolymer of the monoester of 1,1-dihydroperfluor-oheptyl alcohol and maleic acid (PFHM) with vinyl acetate (PFHM-VA, 1 1). The average degree of polymerization was found to be about ten for all the polymers tested. The tendency of polymers to form well-ordered two-dimensional structures on the water surface was demonstrated. Polymers were deposited as... 

The lower energy fluorocarbon polymers have been studied because of their excellent compatibility with oxidizers and fuels and their high density. The Hughes Tool Co. developed the fluoroalkyl-acrylate polymer by preparing binders through the following route. 

Preparation of poly(Ethoxylated Fluoroalkyl Acrylate)-Z>/ocA -Polystyrene... 

Extremely hydrophobic monomers do not polymerize well via macroemulsion polymerization due to their very low rates of monomer transport across the aqueous phase. Obviously, these monomers can be polymerized much more effectively in a miniemulsion system. One example of this is provided by Landfester et al. [320]. In this paper,fluoroalkyl acrylates are polymerized in a miniemulsion with low levels of a protonated surfactant. When fluorinated monomers were copolymerized with standard hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers, either core-shell structures or statistical copolymers were formed. 

Of a large number of possible fluorinated acrylates, the homopolymers and copolymers of fluoroalkyl acrylates and methacrylates are the most suitable for practical applications. They are used in the manufacture of plastic lightguides (optical fibers) resists water-, oil-, and dirt-repellent coatings and other advanced applications [14]. Several rather complex methods to prepare the a-fluoroalkyl monomers (e.g., a-phenyl fluoroacrylates, a-(trifluoromethyl) acrylic and its esters, esters of perfluoromethacrylic acid) exist and are discussed in some detail in [14]. Generally, a-fluoroacrylates polymerize more readily than corresponding nonfluorinated acrylates and methacrylates, mostly by free radical mechanism [15], Copolymerization of fluoroacrylates has been carried out in bulk, solution, or emulsion initiated with peroxides, azobisisobutyronitrile, or y-irradiation [16]. Fluoroalkyl methacrylates and acrylates also polymerize by anionic mechanism, but the polymerization rates are considerably slower than those of radical polymerization [17]. 

Jagodzinska, M., Huguenot, F. and Zanda, M. (2007) Studies on a three-step preparation of P-fluoroalkyl acrylates from fluoroacetic esters. Tetrahedron, 63, 2042-2046. 

Comonomers used are styrene(St), methyl methacrylate (MMA), fluoroalkyl acrylate (FA CH2 CHC02CH2CH2(CF2)9.5CF3), ... 

The next sequence calls for the coating of a thin layer of a hydrophiUc polymer from an appropriate solvent on top of the photoresist. The polymeric HOL must have a lower glass transition temperature (7g) than the photoresist polymer it must be able to diffuse into the photoresist polymer on baking and it must be phase compatible with the photoresist polymer. Suitable hydrophilic polymers include, but are not limited to, polymers and copolymers of fluoroalkyl methacrylic acid, fluoroalkyl acrylic acid, etc. Surfactants may be used to improve the wettability of the HOL over the resist polymer layer. 

Anisotropy of side group motion of poly(fluoroalkyl acrylates) crosslinked with allyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate [129]. 

Copolymerisation of known fluoroalkyl acrylates and methacrylates with various vinyl and (meth) acrylic monomers ... 

A number of perfluoromethacrylic acid derivatives have been obtained by the elimination of alkyl fluoride from alkoxy-derivativesof perfluoro-(2-methyl propene) and related compounds for details describing the preparation and reactions of carbonyl derivatives of fluorinated olefins see Chapter 2, pp. 62—77. Fluoroalkyl acrylates, CH2 CH-C02Rf [Rf = (CF3)2CF, (CF3)(CF2C1)-CF etc.], have been... 

Polymerization Studies. Anionic Polymerization of Caprolactam (the use of (CFs C0)20 (ca. 2 mole %) enabled a lower reaction temperature to be employed and higher yiel and polyamide molecular weights to be obtained]. Soil-retardant Finishing of Cotton Ooth by Vapour-phase Graft Polymerization of Fluoroalkyl Acrylates. Radical Polymerization of a-Fluoroacrylic Acid and -Vinylpyrrolidone in an Aqueous Solution. Perfluoropolyether Esters of Quinones [the preparation of the title compounds by reaction of 1.5-dihydroxyanthraquinone with per-fluoropolyetheracyl fluorides, e.g. CFj-CFi-CF -O-CF(Ci )-CaPj-O-CF(CF,)-C50F, is... 

POLYMERS DERIVED FROM FLUOROKETONES. II. WETTING PROPERTIES OF FLUOROALKYL ACRYLATES AND METHACRYLATES. 

Pittman and Ludwig [115] studied the wetting properties of a series of fluoroalkyl acrylates having -CHylCFylnCFyH side chains, where n was 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9. The acrylates with n = 7 and 9 were partially crystalline (attributed to packing of the fluorochemical side chains) with melting points of about 56°C and... 

Kita, H., Shigekuni, M., Kawafune, L, Tanaka, K. and Okamoto, K. 1989. Preparation of plasma-polymeiized membranes from fluoroalkyl acrylates and methacrylates and gas permeabifity through the membranes. 371-376. 

Details are given of the polymerisation of fluoroalkyl acrylate miniemulsions to produce fluorinated latexes. Copolymerisation reactions were also performed with standard hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers to produce either core-shell latexes or statistical copolymers. Solubilities, molecular weights and particle sizes were investigated. 19 refs. 

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