Fluorescence diagnostics

Fig. 8. Structures of carotenoporphyrins designed as fluorescent diagnostic agents with supressed photosensitizing properties [39,93,95]... 

It is to be expected that by means of light-induced fluorescence diagnostics, further improvements in the differentiation of morphological findings can be achieved. 

S. Andersson-Engels, J. Johansson, K. Svanberg, S. Svanberg Fluorescence diagnostics and photochemical treatment of diseased tissue using lasers. Pt.I, Anal. Chem. 61, 1367A (1989) Pt.II, ibid. 62, 19A (1990)... 

Fig 10.53. Schematic diagram of fluorescence diagnostics and interactive laser ablation to remove plaque in clogged vessels. A fast spectral characterization of the material in front of the fibre end allows a decision on whether an ablation pulse should be fired or not [10.188]... 

Discuss the fluorescence diagnostics and photodynamic treatment of cancer tumours using tumoin-seeknig drugs and laser hght. 

The literature search on use of lasers in medicine and especially for treatment of cancerous cells by photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence diagnostics brought us to the conclusion that the lasers, when properly designed, can be utilized in these two important areas, fit what follows, we shortly smnmarize the principles of PDT and fluorescence diagnostics. The connection to the fight source is evident. 

Fluorescence Diagnostics. The use of laser induced fluorescence (LIF) for tumor and plug diagnostics is a useful tool for noninvasive way of diagnostics. 

A diagnostic method using fluorescence labeled DNA probes to detect and quantify the number complementary chromosomal sequences on a cellular resolution. A related technique that also allows assessment of gene amplifications, but without precise quantification of copy numbers is the chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Here, instead of a fluorescent dye an enzyme that can generate a colored precipitate in the tissue samples is coupled to the DNA probe. 

Brockhinke, A. and Linne, M.A., Short-pulse techniques Picosecond fluorescence, energy transfer and "quench-free" measurements, in Applied Combustion Diagnostics, Kohse-Hoinghaus, K. and Jeffries, J.B. (Eds.), Taylor Francis, New York, 2002, Chapter 5. 

In order to relate material properties with plasma properties, several plasma diagnostic techniques are used. The main techniques for the characterization of silane-hydrogen deposition plasmas are optical spectroscopy, electrostatic probes, mass spectrometry, and ellipsometry [117, 286]. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is a noninvasive technique and has been developed for identification of Si, SiH, Si+, and species in the plasma. Active spectroscopy, such as laser induced fluorescence (LIF), also allows for the detection of radicals in the plasma. Mass spectrometry enables the study of ion and radical chemistry in the discharge, either ex situ or in situ. The Langmuir probe technique is simple and very suitable for measuring plasma characteristics in nonreactive plasmas. In case of silane plasma it can be used, but it is difficult. Ellipsometry is used to follow the deposition process in situ. 

Diagnostic procedures include dark-field microscopy12, non-treponemal exams10 (i.e., the Venereal Disease Laboratory and the rapid plasma reagin test), and treponemal exams (i.e., enzyme immunoassay, the T. pallidum hemagglutination test, the fluorescent treponemal antibody test, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). 

Demonstrating the progress in an interdisciplinary field of research and development, this book is primarily addressed to specialists with different background -physicists, organic and analytical chemists, and photochemists - to those who develop and apply new fluorescence reporters. It will also be useful to specialists in bioanalysis and biomedical diagnostics - the areas where these techniques are most extensively used. 

Schwille, P., Bieschke, J. and Oehlenschlager, F. (1997). Kinetic investigations by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy The analytical and diagnostic potential of diffusion studies. Biophys. Chem. 66, 211-28. 

Recently, the use of AR has extended into several other areas, yielding interesting information for cytology, fresh cell/tissue sections, and fluorescence IHC (fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH]), in addition to adaptations of the method for extraction of nucleic acids and proteins from FFPE tissues for use with modern methods of molecular analysis. In this chapter, the emphasis is on expanded applications in diagnostic cytology, fresh frozen cell/... 

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