Combustion diagnostics

Eckbreth A C 1988 Nonlinear Raman spectroscopy for combustion diagnostics J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radlat. Transfer 40 369-83... 

Here, selected, more established laser diagnostic techniques will only be briefly named with their principal area of application in combustion measurements, but not further described details on these and other methods can be found in the above-mentioned literature and references cited therein. Workhorse techniques in combustion diagnostics include Raman and Rayleigh... 

Of the very sensitive laser-based absorption techniques, CRDS has developed into a widely applied technique in combustion diagnostics within only a few years... 

Cavity-enhanced absorption techniques are also applied in flames in the near infrared [22-25]. The multiple absorption paths provided with these techniques are the reason for their superb sensitivity in the ppb range. Absolute concentrations can be obtained, provided the absorption coefficient for the respective transition is known. CRDS can be used in conjunction with other laser-based combustion diagnostics for... 

Kohse-Hoinghaus, K. and Jeffries, J.B. (Eds.), Applied Combustion Diagnostics, Taylor Francis, New York, 2002. 

Rothe, E.W. and Andresen, R, Application of tunable excimer lasers to combustion diagnostics A review, Appl. Opt., 36,3971,1997. 

Brockhinke, A. and Linne, M.A., Short-pulse techniques Picosecond fluorescence, energy transfer and "quench-free" measurements, in Applied Combustion Diagnostics, Kohse-Hoinghaus, K. and Jeffries, J.B. (Eds.), Taylor Francis, New York, 2002, Chapter 5. 

Brockhinke, A. and Kohse-Hoinghaus, K., Energy transfer in combustion diagnostics Experiment and modeling, Faraday Discuss., 119, 275, 2001. 

Chapter 2 is devoted to combustion diagnostics. The majority of the novel diagnostic techniques have already been presented in Applied Combustion Diagnostics (2002) by the same author and in a number of survey papers (e.g.. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2005 Progress in Energy and Combustion, 2006). In this book, K. Kohse-Hoinghaus presents work on how to make measurements in combustion chemistry, since this is an area where there have been many recent developments. 

Doali, J.O., Fifer, R.A., Kruezynski, D.I., and Nelson, B.J. (1989) The mobile combustion diagnostic fixture and its application to the study of propellant combustion. Part I investigation of the low pressure combustion of LOVA XM-39 propellant. Technical Report No. BRL-MR-378/5, U.S. Ballistic Research Laboratory, MD. 

As I have indicated, this presentation will be divided into two parts. In the first part we will discuss the development of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy, the problems inherent in applications to combustion sources, recent developments which address operational problems, and the state-of-the-art today. This will be followed by a similar discussion involving the use of saturated laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy as a combustion diagnostic. 

Eckbreth, A.C. Bonczyk, P.A. and Shirley, J.A. "Experimental Investigations of Saturated Laser Fluorescence and CARS Spectroscopic Techniques for Practical Combustion Diagnostics", Technical Report R78-952665-18 United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford. Conn., p. 58. EPA-600/7-78-104, June... 

In conclusion, the data accumulated during these experiments demonstrate that through the use of the CARS technique, combustion diagnostics can be performed in a large-scale practical combustor environment. Results also indicate the potential of CARS for the determination of temporally resolved temperature and species concentration. With the aid of such data, probability distribution functions can be obtained from which true time-averaged quantities may be determined. 

Eckbreth, A. C. Hall, R. J. and Shirley, J. A. "Investigations of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) for Combustion Diagnostics," Paper 79-0083, Presented at the 17th AIAA Conference on Aerospace Sciences, New Orleans, LA, June 15-17, 1979. 

The motivation of that effort is to improve spatial resolution, spectral resolution, measurement accuracy and sensitivity. Also of great interest is the implementation of single shot multiplex spectroscopy for turbulent combustion diagnostics. The CARS spectrometer consists in a portable, lightweight source assembly developed jointly with Quantel and in detection kits which can be adapted to various experimental problems. The source assembly comprises a frequency-doubled yag laser and a tunable dye laser space is provided on the optical table for various beam handling and combining optics ( 1 ). ... 

An objective of this series of experiments is to provide a preliminary assessment of the tomographic reconstruction approach for combustion diagnostics. In order to minimize experimental difficulties introduced by combustion, a simple flow configuration has been chosen for this initial study. It is mathematical truism that any bandlimited function can be accurately reconstructed from its projections if both the number and the signal to noise ratio of these projections approach infinity. In any real combustion situation, both of these conditions will be severely limited. The present results provide insights into the measurement capabilities of the tomographic reconstruction approach under such limitations. 

Leading programmes to support fuel developments, you ll use combustion fundamentals, combustion diagnostics, flow visualization and modelling toolsets, and deliver technical data based on fuel test programmes. You ll need at least five years mechanical or combustion chemistry experience and a relevant degree, while a PhD in combustion chemistry or similar would be useful. 

Kohse-Hoinghausen K, Jeffries JB (2002) Applied combustion diagnostics. Taylor and Francis, London... 

McCay T. D., and Roux, J. A. Combustion Diagnostics by Nonintrusive Methods. New York American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1984. 

Kohse-Homghaus, K., and Jeffries, J. B., eds. Applied Combustion Diagnostics. New York Taylor Francis, 2002. 

Hanson, R. K. "Combustion Diagnostics Planar Imaging Techniques." 21st Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1677-91,1986. 

The foregoing favorable characteristics are, however, tainted with critical disadvantages. The coherence is generated and controlled by more than one laser beam. Typically, three laser fields are needed for the purposes of the main popular combustion diagnostics. For this reason, it is commonly observed that coherent techniques are synonym of dielectric nonlinearity (i.e., dependence on two or more electric fields). The feature is not without consequences. On the experimental side, the minimum requirement of two laser systems and the crucial sensitivity to the optical alignment renders the measurements difficult. On the theoretical side, the data interpretation is very elaborate and much more sophisticated than the theoretical analysis of incoherent techniques. 

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