Cellular resolution

A diagnostic method using fluorescence labeled DNA probes to detect and quantify the number complementary chromosomal sequences on a cellular resolution. A related technique that also allows assessment of gene amplifications, but without precise quantification of copy numbers is the chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Here, instead of a fluorescent dye an enzyme that can generate a colored precipitate in the tissue samples is coupled to the DNA probe. 

Johansen B. In situ PCR on plant material with sub-cellular resolution. Ann Bot 1997 80 697-700. 

Taira S, Sugiura Y, Moritake S, Shimma S, Ichiyanagi Y, Setou M (2008) Nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization based mass imaging with cellular resolution. Anal Chem 80(12) 4761—4766. doi 10.1021.ac800081z... 

HCS instruments take microscope-based images of a limited region of each microtitre plate well with sub-cellular resolution. Proteins of interest can be detected by a fluorescent tag, such as GFP, or are identified by fluorescent antibodies. One of the characteristics of HCS assays is the ability to not only monitor the levels of different proteins within the cells but also their location, the morphology and shape of the cells by multiplexing several labels.90 92... 

The distribution of CBRs in brain was first mapped by Herkenham et al. (1991) using receptor binding and autoradiographic methods. This approach permits quantitative evaluation of the density and distribution of receptors, but lacks cellular resolution. The development of specific antibodies for CBRs has permitted characterization of the cellular distribution of CBRs (Egertova et al. 2003 Egertova et al. 1998 Tsou et al. 1998a). Immunocytochemical approaches, however, are suited to qualitative rather than quantitative evaluation of CBR densities. 

Unfortunately, the achievable resolution is normally not sufficient to obtain images with cellular resolutions [163]. Thus, a combination between MALDI and SIMS imaging represents a very promising approach since, whilst SIMS is capable of providing images with a subcellular resolution, MALDI is unequivocally the method of choice for detecting lipids with relatively high masses, such as cardioli-pins [164]. 

Nanoparticle-assisted laser des-orption/ionization based mass imaging with cellular resolution. Anal Chem, 80, 4761 766. 

Chandra, S., Morrison, G. H. (1995) Imaging ion and molecular-transport at sub-cellular resolution by secondary-ion mass-spectrometry. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Process, 143, 161-176. 

Dombeck DA, Harvey CD, Tian L et al (2010) Functional imaging of hippocampal place cells at cellular resolution during virtual navigation. Nat Neurosci 13 1433-1440... 

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