Fluorescein conjugates

Shimomura, O., Musicki, B., Kishi, Y., and Inouye, S. (1993a). Light-emitting properties of recombinant semi-synthetic aequorins and recombinant fluorescein-conjugated aequorin for measuring cellular calcium. Cell Calcium 14 373-378. 

Best, T. B., B.S. Edelson, N.G. Nickols, and P. B. Dervan. Nuclear localization of pyrrole-imidazole polyamide-fluorescein conjugates in cell culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100, 12063-12068. 

As an example of the use of antibodies labeled with alkaline phosphatase for detection of in situ hybridization, an infection with BNYVV virus in sugar beet is shown in Fig. 3C. Lectins labeled with an avidin-biotin fluorescein conjugate was used to visualize a-galactosyl groups on the surface of S. pombe in Fig. 3D. 

Fluorescein conjugates, 14 149 Fluorescein sodium, water treatment compound for aquaculture in U.S.,... 

Rhodamine conjugates are less sensitive to pH and are less prone to photohleaching than are those of fluorescein. Their fluorescence intensity is generally lower than that of fluorescein conjugates under comparable conditions of excitation, but the intense 546-nm excitatory light provided by the mercury lamp of a fluorescence microscope may make rhodamine appear brighter (7). 

Fluorescent particles, such as one of the following Escherichia coli Bioparticles, fluorescein-conjugated Staphylococcus aureus Bioparticles, fluorescein-conjugated Zymosan A Bioparticles, fluorescein-conjugated (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) or Fluoresbrite carboxy microspheres, 0.92 qm diameter (Polysciences, Warrington, PA). 

The data presented in this chapter are from experiments with the fluorescein-conjugated A -formyl peptide (A -formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-Lys FMLPK-Fl), which we prepared with the reagents and reactions protected from the light as much as possible as described below. 

Fig. 15. Structures of fluorescein conjugates for evaluating renal function...

A typical clearance profile and curve-fitting of these bioconjugates in a rat with normal renal function is shown in Fig. 16. The time constant is the relevant quantifiable measure for how fast the agent clears from the vascular system. Figs. 17 and 18 compare the plasma clearance profile of different fluorescein conjugates in normal and ligated rat kidneys. The clearance profile followed the... 

Many derivatives of fluorescein containing a reactive group at the C-5 position are commercially available [11], Fluorescein isothiocyanate, for example, is widely used as protein tag [12]. These substances have essentially the same spectroscopic properties as the parent compound with the additional capability of binding covalently to proteins. Because of their high emission quantum yields, fluorescein conjugates are extensively used as tracers for microinjection in living cells to gather information on the structure and function of cells, localization of proteins, and cell-to-cell and intracellular diffusion [13-17]. 

Steady-state measurements of the fluorescence anisotropy of fluorescein derivatives form the basis of a sensitive analytical technique also used to detect and quantitate proteins [36], steroids [37-39], therapeutic drugs, and narcotics [40-42], In a different approach, the anisotropy of the fluorescein conjugate is measured as a function of the medium viscosity to determine the segmental mobility of the chains that cover the binding site [43-45],... 

The N-terminal amino group or a Lys residue can easily be used to label the PNA. This can be carried out in solution after purification, or more conveniently, while the PNA is still attached to the resin. Fluorescein and rhodamine are the most common fluorophore labels, while biotin is the most common affinity tag. Fluorescein or rhodamine are usually coupled to the amino group as -OSu esters or isothiocyanates. 4,4 -Dimethoxytrityl-protected biotin and Piv-pro-tected fluorescein have also been coupled to the N-terminus of a PNA as their 1-phenylpyr-azolin-5-one carboxylate esters.147 In 1997 a new fluorescein-conjugated Lys monomer (21, Scheme 12) was described. 48 ... 

Competition Between Fluorescein-Conjugated Antibody and Unlabeled Antibody Analyzed by Flow Cytometry... 

Sections (4 xm thick) of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues are deposited on a coated slide, deparaffinized, rehydrated, and rinsed in PBS. They are placed in sodium citrate buffer-containing plastic jars and heated twice for 5 min each in a microwave oven. Following cooling at room temperature for 20 min, the sections are treated with 0.3% trypsin. They are washed in PBS, blocked with normal serum for 10 min, and then overlaid with fluorescein-conjugated rabbit antibodies to human IgG at 1 20 dilution in PBS for 45 min at room temperature. 

Fig. 13.8. Effect of paclitaxel on the morphology of C6 cells in culture. Cells were treated with LCM only (C,D) or paclitaxel-LCM (A,B) for 8 hours. The cells were stained with fluorescein-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to reveal the cell surface, and with Texas red-conjugated secondary antibody to rabbit anti-tubulin to reveal the presence of microtubules. Both channels were recorded simultaneously. Panels A and C show the presence of WGA, while B and D reveal the presence of tubulin. (Taken from ref. 532.)...

Glycosides of the disaccharide p-Tyv-(l- 3)-p-D-GalNAc (139)221 and the trisaccharide epitope 140 carrying the challenging (3-1,2-cis-linked tyvelose of the Trichinella antigen were synthesized. The co-amino tether 141 and the fluorescein conjugate 142 of the trisaccharide were described.222... 

Incubate sections for 30 min at 20°C with fluorescein-conjugated primary rat antibody directed against mouse antigens. If nonconjugated antibodies are used in the first incubation, follow by fluorescein-conjugated mouse F(ab )2 anti-rat IgG antibodies. 

Fig. . Reciprocal ol degree of polarization of fluorescence versus Tftj for fluorescein conjugate of polyacrylamide in-aqueous glycerol solution and in pure water at various temperatures filled circles, in 9.75% aqueous glycerol solution open circles, in pure water (JO)...

Fig. 8. Reciprocal of degree of polarization of fluorescence versus T/rj for fluorescein conjugates of polyacrylamide in dilute solutions. The weight average molecular weights are 3.5 10 8.4 10 and 23.0 10. for a, b, and c, respectively (redrawn from Fig. 4 of ref. 11)...

Fig. 9. Rotational relaxation time as a function of molecular weight (viscosity average) for fluorescein conjugates of polyacrylamide in dilute aqueous solutions. Filled circle represents the value of for free dye (recalculated from Fig. 5 of ref. 11, using the directly measured lifetime t)...

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